Rootstock-scion interaction:6. Phenology, chilling and heat requirements of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine

Abstract

The grapevine phenology is dependent on several factors, such as genetics, soil characteristics, climate conditions, pests and diseases and vineyard cultural practices. Among these, grafting may have an effect on the scion behavior due to the influence of the rootstock. Therefore, an experiment was carried out for two years to determine the effect of rootstocks on Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grapevine phenology, chilling and heat requirements. Treatments consisted of vines grafted on the rootstocks Rupestris du Lot, 101-14 Mgt, 3309 C, 420A Mgt, 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel. Budbreak and flowering of the vines, veraison and maturity of the grapes were the phenological stages evaluated, determining the dates of each stage and the number of days between them. The chilling hours (Tbase= 10 °C) for budbreak and the heat summation required to ripen the grapes were also determined. The results showed that the dates of each phenological stage varied according to the year and the rootstock. The average of two years showed that CS/3309 C, CS/161-49 C and CS/101-14 Mgt sprouted earlier and CS/Dogridge later. Grape maturity was earlier on seven CS/rootstocks, where CS/101-14 Mgt and CS/Rupestris du Lot ripened first and CS/Isabel, CS/5BB K and CS/SO4 later. The average intervals between the stages of CS/rootstocks were (in days), 46.8±3.0 (budbreak-flowering), 64.3±2.1 (flowering-veraison), 54.6±6.1 (veraison-maturity) and 165.7±7.4 (budbreak-maturity). In 1998, 615.9±8.0 chill hours were needed to achieve 50% budbreak and in 1999, 870.6±6.5 chill hours, where CS/Dogridge required the highest chilling to break dormancy. In order to ripen the grapes, the heat requirement from budbreak to maturity was 1573.4±43.0 °C in 1998/1999 and 1599.4±25.5 °C in 1999/2000, and the juice total soluble solids values were 19.1 and 18.1 °Brix, respectively. Although the heat summation of the second cycle was 1.65% higher, the total soluble solids were lower due to the rainfall that was much higher during its grape ripening period.

Exotic Vs. Autochthonous Grapevine Varieties – A Case Study on Global Warming in Northeastern Portugal

“…Climate alone does not explain all phenological variation as different grape cultivars grown under similar conditions still show large variations in the timing of different events [21]. The number of days and the GDD necessary to complete the growing cycle of these four varieties were close to the figures reported by authors but TN and TF can grow over wider range of thermal conditions that favors their adaptability to different climatic conditions [29,[49][50][51].…”

Rootstock and potassium fertilization, in terms of phenology, thermal demand and chemical evolution, of berries on Niagara Rosada grapevine under subtropical conditions

“…There was no significant effect of rootstocks on thermal demands in this study, but some authors claim that rootstocks can affect grapevines' thermal demands (Miele 2019;Tecchio et al 2019). Thus, grapevines required an average of 1,615.1 DD and 1,465.2 DD to complete the first and second production cycles, respectively (Table 2).…”

Phenology, bunch morphology and must quality of five grapevine hybrids grafted onto two rootstocks

“…'IAC 571-6 Jundiaí' rootstocks, did not influence the phenology of 'SR 501-17' grapevine (Mattar et al 2019). However, several studies have reported that rootstock change the phenology of Vitis vinifera cultivars, such as Albarín Negro, Verdejo Negro, and Cabernet Sauvignon due to climate and soil adaptation in different regions (Loureiro et al 2016;Loureiro et al 2020;Miele 2019).…”