Potassium Carbonate as a Salt for Deep Eutectic Solvents

Naser, Jamil; Mjalli, Farouq S.; Jibril, Baba Y.; Al-Hatmi, Safiya S.; Gano, Zaharaddeen S.

doi:10.7763/ijcea.2013.v4.275

Cited by 41 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The synthesis of deep eutectic solvent (DES) was performed at 80 o C, at 300 rpm for 1 hour [11], and K2CO3 to glycerol molar ratio was varied at 1:5, 1:6 and 1:7. The transesterification reaction for biodiesel synthesis was carried out at 70 o C for 1.5 hours with molar ratio of ethanol:DPO was fixed at 9:1 and KOH catalyst concentration was 1.2 wt% [13].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2013, potassium carbonate and glycerol were used in different molar ratio to synthesis a new DES system. The base thinking for studying this new DES system come out from the need for green solvent which can be used economically and can be applicated not only just for gas absorption, liquid liquid extraction and catalysis [11]. The former research to extract Vitamin E using DES was carried out by Hadi., et al (2015), he conducted a study to extract tocols from CPO using DES under the title "Performance of Choline-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Extraction of Tocols from Crude Palm Oil", he used ChCl-based DES with acetic acid, malonic acid and citric acid as HBD with mass ratio variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin E extraction from red palm biodiesel by using K2CO3 based deep eutectic solvent with glycerol as hydrogen bond donor

Manurung

Hutauruk

Arief

2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Vitamin E has essential role in human body and it has high avalability in red palm biodiesel which encourages the development of separation technology to obtain this material. Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) is the latest advancement in separation technology to extract vitamin E from it's source. in this research, Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) based DES with hydrogen bond donor (HBD) of glycerol was used to extract vitamin E from red palm biodiesel. The DES was synthesized at 80 o C for 1 hour at 300 rpm and K2CO3 to glycerol molar ratio was varied at 1:5, 1:6 and 1:7. Red palm biodiesel was synthesized by degumming CPO with 85% Posfat Acid followed by transesterification with etanol at 70 o C for 1.5 hours. Etanol to DPO molar ratio was fixed at 9:1 and catalyst concentration was 1.2%. The produced biodiesel was washed with aqudest. The liquid-liquid extraction was performed to extract vitamin E by mixing biphasic system between DES and CPO at stirring rate of 400 rpm for 3. Biodiesell : DES mass ratio was viaried at 1:2; 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:3.5, and 1:4. Recovery of vitamin E was performed by using water-hexan in ratio of 4:1 (v/v). The characterization of DES was performed by analyzing the form and measuring the freezing point, density and viscisity of DES. Vitamin E concentration was analyzed by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Extraction using DES K2CO3 to glycerol molar ratio of 1:6 and biodiesel to DES mass ratio of 1:3 gave the highest vitamin E concentration at 801.23 ppm. The higher fraction in extracted vitamin E from red palm biodiesel is tocotrienol and especialy γ-Tocotrienol by using DES6 at biodiesel to DES ratio of 1:3. Tocotrienol is the vitamin E fraction which has highest anticancer activity.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin E extraction from red palm biodiesel by using K2CO3 based deep eutectic solvent with glycerol as hydrogen bond donor

Manurung

Hutauruk

Arief

2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Colorless solutions of various molar ratios of potassium carbonate to glycerol (DES1, 1:4; DES2, 1:5; DES3, 1:6) were selected because their physical properties, including conductivity, surface tension, viscosity, refractive index, density and pH have been evaluated very well in the temperature range of 10-80 °C. 33 Three-component reaction in 0.5 g of each of these three DESs at room temperature have resulted in the Schiff bases and benzylidenemalononitriles as the major products (Entries 7, 9, 11), pyrazoles were obtained in 35-40% yields due to the increase of temperature to 80 °C (Entries 8, 10, 12). One-pot twostep process was screened according to route b. Two-step procedure was carried out in all DESs, the increase in molar ratios of glycerol reduced the product yield (Entries [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elemental analyses were performed for C, H and N on a Thermo Finnigan Flash EA microanalyzer. DESs were prepared in various ratios of glycerol/K 2 CO 3 according to the procedures reported by Naser et al 33 as follows: the mixture of different molar ratios of potassium carbonate and glycerol were vigorously stirred at 80 o C for 2 h to gain homogenous transparent colorless liquids.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30][31][32] Glycerol/potassium carbonate is a new class of DES having its physical properties, such as surface tension, viscosity, density and refractive index, carefully measured. 33 In order to apply glycerol/K 2 CO 3 system in organic synthesis, some novel 5-amino-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivatives were prepared via the reaction of malononitrile, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and various benzaldehydes. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of synthesized derivatives were studied against a variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, as well as structure-activity relationships were expanded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green One-pot Synthesis of Novel Polysubstituted Pyrazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Beyzaei

Motraghi

Aryan

et al. 2017

ACSi

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Various biological properties of natural and synthetic pyrazole derivatives such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, antidepressant and anticancer activities encouraged us to propose a new, fast, green and eco-friendly procedure for the preparation of some novel 5-amino-3-(aryl substituted)-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles. They were efficiently synthesized via one-pot two-step process reaction of malononitrile, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and different benzaldehydes in deep eutectic solvent (DES) glycerol/potassium carbonate. The products yield and reaction times were considerably improved in the presence of applied DES. Antibacterial effects of all newly synthesized pyrazoles in comparison with several common antibiotics were evaluated against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. In addition to, their inhibitory activities on three fungi were compared to some current antifungal agents. The moderate to good antimicrobial potentials particularly against fungi were observed in the major heterocyclic compounds according to the IZD, MIC, MBC and MFC results.

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Introducing new method for the synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing [1,3]dithiine derivatives, with anticancer and antibacterial activities against common bacterial strains between aquatic and human

Moghaddam‐Manesh

Hosseinzadegan

2021

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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In this study, glycerol:potassium carbonate used as a green deep eutectic solvent, for synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing [1,3]dithiine derivatives. The antimicrobial properties of the derivatives against Lactococcus garvieae and Edwardsiella tarda were tested as bacterial strains between aquatic and human based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) and inhibition zone diameter (IZD).In addition to antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity testing was performed against MCF-7 breast cancer cells via MTT cell viability assay.

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Potassium Carbonate as a Salt for Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract: Abstract-Deep

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Vitamin E extraction from red palm biodiesel by using K2CO3 based deep eutectic solvent with glycerol as hydrogen bond donor

Vitamin E extraction from red palm biodiesel by using K2CO3 based deep eutectic solvent with glycerol as hydrogen bond donor

Green One-pot Synthesis of Novel Polysubstituted Pyrazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Introducing new method for the synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing [1,3]dithiine derivatives, with anticancer and antibacterial activities against common bacterial strains between aquatic and human

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