Abstract:Partindo do emblemático contexto de (r)existência munduruku e ribeirinha à tentativa de imposição das barragens de São Luiz e Jatobá, na bacia do rio Tapajós, entre 2013 e 2015, procuro traçar uma perspectiva analítica capaz de apreender como o caráter substantivo da lógica de progresso/desenvolvimento, identificada com o Estado, vem a tomar corpo nos embates cotidianos, envolvendo diferentes atores sociais. Identifico dois modos distintos por meio dos quais tal lógica opera: o rumor — que, como coloca Veena D… Show more
“…The goldmining activities, as well as logging, grabbing, and the construction of hydroelectric dams, have been destroying places that are sacred for the Munduruku [71]. Leaders and elders report that some of the affected places are the homes of powerful entities, which are becoming angry at the destruction of their dwelling-place.…”
Section: Impacts Of Goldmining On Munduruku People Good-living (Xipan...mentioning
This paper is an exploratory study that examines the illegal goldmining impacts on Munduruku communities’ “Good-Living” (Xipan Jewewekukap) and explores the possible relationship between chronic methylmercury (MeHg) exposure and the worsening mental health conditions in three villages in the Middle-Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon. The region has been experiencing a long-lasting threat of goldminers’ invasions. A total of 109 people were interviewed and evaluated. Total mercury (THg) exposure levels were evaluated through hair samples analysis, from which MeHg exposure levels were calculated. The Geriatric Depression Scale—Short Form (GDS-SF) was used as a screening tool in order to assess mental health indicators. Brief non-structured interviews were carried out to investigate how goldmining is impacting the communities Good-Living. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate the possible association between mental health indicators (assessed through the GDS-SF) and the following independent variables: (i) mercury exposure level (<10.0 μg/g vs. ≥10.0 μg/g), (ii) self-reported nervousness, (iii) self-reported irritability, (iv) age group, and (v) monthly income. The analysis revealed high levels of mercury in hair samples (median: 7.4 µg/g, range 2.0–22.8; 70% and 28% of the participants had THg levels ≥6.0 and ≥10.0 µg/g, respectively) and pointed to a tendency in which higher levels of methylmercury exposure (Hg ≥ 10.0 µg/g) could be linked to worse mental health indicators. Although the GDS-SF has presented limitations due to the Munduruku sociocultural context, our findings suggest a tendency of worse mental health indicators in participants presenting high levels of MeHg exposure. Despite this limitation, the qualitative approach indicates an evident association between the impacts of goldmining and the Munduruku people’s decreasing autonomy to maintain a Good-Living on their own terms, pointing to the importance of carrying out new investigations, especially considering longitudinal studies with qualitative methodologies and ethnographic approaches.
“…The goldmining activities, as well as logging, grabbing, and the construction of hydroelectric dams, have been destroying places that are sacred for the Munduruku [71]. Leaders and elders report that some of the affected places are the homes of powerful entities, which are becoming angry at the destruction of their dwelling-place.…”
Section: Impacts Of Goldmining On Munduruku People Good-living (Xipan...mentioning
This paper is an exploratory study that examines the illegal goldmining impacts on Munduruku communities’ “Good-Living” (Xipan Jewewekukap) and explores the possible relationship between chronic methylmercury (MeHg) exposure and the worsening mental health conditions in three villages in the Middle-Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon. The region has been experiencing a long-lasting threat of goldminers’ invasions. A total of 109 people were interviewed and evaluated. Total mercury (THg) exposure levels were evaluated through hair samples analysis, from which MeHg exposure levels were calculated. The Geriatric Depression Scale—Short Form (GDS-SF) was used as a screening tool in order to assess mental health indicators. Brief non-structured interviews were carried out to investigate how goldmining is impacting the communities Good-Living. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate the possible association between mental health indicators (assessed through the GDS-SF) and the following independent variables: (i) mercury exposure level (<10.0 μg/g vs. ≥10.0 μg/g), (ii) self-reported nervousness, (iii) self-reported irritability, (iv) age group, and (v) monthly income. The analysis revealed high levels of mercury in hair samples (median: 7.4 µg/g, range 2.0–22.8; 70% and 28% of the participants had THg levels ≥6.0 and ≥10.0 µg/g, respectively) and pointed to a tendency in which higher levels of methylmercury exposure (Hg ≥ 10.0 µg/g) could be linked to worse mental health indicators. Although the GDS-SF has presented limitations due to the Munduruku sociocultural context, our findings suggest a tendency of worse mental health indicators in participants presenting high levels of MeHg exposure. Despite this limitation, the qualitative approach indicates an evident association between the impacts of goldmining and the Munduruku people’s decreasing autonomy to maintain a Good-Living on their own terms, pointing to the importance of carrying out new investigations, especially considering longitudinal studies with qualitative methodologies and ethnographic approaches.
“…Demonstrei como agenciamentos e estratégias cotidianas realizadas por mulheres para manter a vida são também dimensões produtivas das periferias desde a constituição desses territórios. Essa atuação feminina não opera apenas por meio de ações reativas (TOSOLD, 2020) ou mitigadoras da violência masculina -Estado e crimemas também constrói, afirmativamente, família, comunidade e luta, periferia e cidade, escola e posto de saúde.…”
Foi entrelaçada em redes de afeto, também constituídas por laços intelectuais e políticos, que produzi esta tese. Certamente as breves palavras que seguem aqui são demasiado insuficientes para expressar minha enorme gratidão a todo apoio que recebi neste processo tão profundo, doloroso e bonito que foi a feitura deste doutorado nestes tempos tão difíceis. Destes longos cinco anos e meio, um dos aprendizados mais importantes foi compreender o quanto somos interdependentes, o quanto precisamos umas das outras, uns dos outros. Cuidar das relações que nos amparam no mundo é vital para nossa existência.Começo aqui agradecendo a minha querida orientadora e amiga Laura Moutinho com quem tenho o privilégio de compartilhar esta jornada que não se resume ao doutorado, mas que já completa quase 10 anos de trocas intelectuais, políticas e afetivas que me transformaram radiacalmente. Foi com Laura que me forjei antropóloga. Agradeço por seu acolhimento quando voltei para academia, por todo suporte, confiança e generosidade que são as bases de nossa relação.Foi também a partir dela que fui lançada a um grupo de pessoas afetuosas e brilhantes com quem tenho dividido textos, lágrimas, risadas e cervejas. Sou profundamente grata a todas elas:
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