Population growth and cyst production of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Monogonta: Brachionidae) fed with three different diets

Abstract

This study compares the effect of different diets on population growth, fecundity rate, production, and cyst hatching efficiency of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Microalgae were cultured using filtered and sterilized seawater at 25 and 26°C. The volume of the containers for algae, bread yeast, and rotifer was duplicated daily from 31mL to 16L in nine days. Rotifers were cultured at 25°C and 35‰ salinity. The mean values of daily population growth rate for the rotifers fed on C. muelleri, I. galbana and bread yeast were 0,91, 0,89 and 0,87 daily counts, respectively. After 10 cultured days, fecundity was 72%, 63% and 36% using C. muelleri, I. galbana and bread yeast, respectively. The highest mean value for cysts production was 4 064 000 cysts found from 63 243 (1,55%) rotifers fed on C. muelleri. Hatching efficiency after 36 hours of cysts from rotifers fed C. muelleri was 51 500 (94,3%) new borns, followed by 45 000 (93,3%) with I. galbana, and 31 000 (92,6%) with bread yeast. C. muelleri is a good food source for B. plicatilis. KEY WORDSFecundity, feeding, hatching, salinity, temperature RESUMEN Este estudio compara el efecto de la dieta alimenticia en el crecimiento poblacional, la tasa de fecundidad, producción y eficiencia de desove de quistes en el rotífero Brachionus plicatilis. Para la producción de microalgas, el agua marina se filtró sucesivamente y se mantuvo entre 25° y 26°C. El volumen de los contenedores para algas, levadura y rotíferos se duplicó diariamente de 31mL a 16L en nueve días. Los rotíferos se mantuvieron a temperaturas de 25°C y salinidad de 35‰. La tasa de crecimiento de los rotíferos por día fue de 0,91 alimentados con C. muelleri, 0,89 con I. galbana y de 0,87 con levadura. La fecundidad de los rotíferos 10 días fue de 0,72 cuando fueron alimentados con C. muelleri, 0,63 con I. galbana y 0,36 con levadura. La producción más alta de quistes fue de 63 243 (1,55%) a partir de 4 064 000 rotíferos cuando se alimentan con C. muelleri. La eficiencia de desove de quistes de rotíferos alimentados con C. muelleri fue de 51 500 (94,6%) de neonatos después de 36 horas, 45 000 (93,3%) con la dieta de I. galbana y de 31 000 (92,6%) con levadura. C. muelleri mostró ser una buena fuente de alimentación. Alimentación, desove, fecundidad, temperatura, salinidad In order to expand the practice of marine finfish larvae rearing, it is necessary to increase and stabilize the production of live feed. The technology is based on the use of highly concentrated algal biomass as food for the rotifers. Villegas, Millamena and Escritor (2008) studied the effects of three selected algal species, Tetraselmis tetrahele, Isochrysis galbana, and marine Chlorella sp., on the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis after three, five and seven days of culture. The rotifers fed on T. tetrahele showed growth with a mean peak density of 92,5 individuals per mL. This result was superior to those fed on I. galbana (48,2 individuals per mL) and Chlorella sp. (47,2 individuals per mL) in five days. Rotifers a...

Variables that intervene in the weight of rotifer biomass and fatty acids

“…Despite technological development in a large amount of live food, our research pointed to microalgae as the main food for rotifers, due to the nutritional value they contain, adding to their easy digestibility compared to inert diets of high costs and lower nutritional quality. Among the most used microalgae, we can name Nannochloropsis oculata , Chaetoceros gracili , C haetoceros mulleri , Phaedactylum trichornutum , and I. galbana ; which can be ingested as monoculture or as a mixture of several bromatologically delimitated strains, in all cases strengthens the rotifer biomass, as well as the number of individuals in the environment (Cabrera, 2008; Kobayashi et al, 2008; Carvajal‐Oses, 2013; Cruz, 2019; Espinoza‐Barrera et al, 2014; Ferreira‐Novio, 2006; Hernández‐Alarcón, 2016; Ortega‐Salas, Reyes, & Reyes‐Bustamante, 2013; Paulo, Cardoso, Coutinho, Castanho, & Bandarra, 2020; Rehberg‐Haas, Meyer, Lippemeier, & Schulz, 2015; Rojo‐Cebrero et al, 2012). An outstanding aspect recorded has been that the cultivation of rotifers with a monoalgal food, specifically with N. oceanica , by increasing its population density, while the mixture of two microalgae such as N. oceanica and I. galbana , promotes the presence of fatty acids.…”

The effect of different feeds on the growth, survival and reproduction of rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis

“…concentrations of 0.00 4g l , 0.008 g l and 0.012 g l , respectively were used (Ortega-Salas et al, 2013) for the experiments with three replicates. All feeds were measured in the same concentration to identify the different types of feeds and different types of concentrations that could replace N. oculata.…”

“…All feeds were measured in the same concentration to identify the different types of feeds and different types of concentrations that could replace N. oculata. The types of feed and different levels of concentrations were manipulated to determine the best growth, survival and reproductive performance of rotifers (Li and Olsen, 2015) Experimental design: Rotifers were first cultured in a 100 ml flask and were periodically upscaled to 2000 litre tanks for mass culture once density reached 10 individuals per millilitre before transferring to the feeding treatments at concentrations of 0.004 g -1 -1 -1 l , 0.008 g l and 0.012 g l (Ortega-Salas et al, 2013). Every treatment was conducted in a 5 l water with aerated tank and exposed to sunlight.…”

“…Currently, phytoplankton is used as the primary diet for rotifers. Recent studies have concentrated on assessing the use of yeast and phytoplankton as rotifer diet (Ortega-Salas et al, 2013;Ferreira et al, 2009). For this research, variety types of feed are applied to the rotifer to find a similar substitute for phytoplankton (N. oculata), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), chicken manure, and palm kernel cake.…”

Assessment of toxic effects of magnetic particles used for lake restoration on Chlorella sp. and on Brachionus calyciflorus

“…In particular, Ts ranged from 4.2 (treatments) to 5.2 h (control). Therefore, this situation corresponds to optimal conditions for the rotifers hatching (Snell and Persoone, 1989;Ortega-Salas, 2013). Some authors have noticed that the suitable conditions for cysts rotifers hatching are just a minimum of light and oxygen concentrations (Gilbert, 2017); while others authors have found the need to stimulate the cysts more than once until their hatching (Martínez-Ruíz & García-Roger,…”