The freshwater angelfishes (Pterophyllum) are South American cichlids that have become very popular among aquarists, yet scarce information on their culture and aquarium husbandry exists. We studied Pterophyllum scalare to analyze dietary effects on fecundity, growth, and survival of eggs and larvae during 135 days. Three diets were used: A) decapsulated cysts of Artemia, B) commercial dry fish food, and C) a mix diet of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and the cladoceran Daphnia magna. The initial larval density was 100 organisms in each 40L aquarium. With diet A, larvae reached a maximum weight of 3.80g, a total length of 6.3 cm, and a height of 5.8cm; with diet B: 2.80g, 4.81cm, and 4.79cm, and with diet C: 3.00g, 5.15cm, and 5.10cm, respectively. Significant differences were observed between diet A, and diet B and C, but no significantly differences were observed between diets B and C. Fecundity varied from 234 to 1 082 eggs in 20 and 50g females, respectively. Egg survival ranged from 87.4% up to 100%, and larvae survival (80 larvae/40L aquarium) from 50% to 66.3% using diet B and A, respectively. Live food was better for growing fish than the commercial balanced food diet. Fecundity and survival are important factors in planning a good production of angelfish. Rev.
This study compares the effect of different diets on population growth, fecundity rate, production, and cyst hatching efficiency of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Microalgae were cultured using filtered and sterilized seawater at 25 and 26°C. The volume of the containers for algae, bread yeast, and rotifer was duplicated daily from 31mL to 16L in nine days. Rotifers were cultured at 25°C and 35‰ salinity. The mean values of daily population growth rate for the rotifers fed on C. muelleri, I. galbana and bread yeast were 0,91, 0,89 and 0,87 daily counts, respectively. After 10 cultured days, fecundity was 72%, 63% and 36% using C. muelleri, I. galbana and bread yeast, respectively. The highest mean value for cysts production was 4 064 000 cysts found from 63 243 (1,55%) rotifers fed on C. muelleri. Hatching efficiency after 36 hours of cysts from rotifers fed C. muelleri was 51 500 (94,3%) new borns, followed by 45 000 (93,3%) with I. galbana, and 31 000 (92,6%) with bread yeast. C. muelleri is a good food source for B. plicatilis. KEY WORDSFecundity, feeding, hatching, salinity, temperature RESUMEN Este estudio compara el efecto de la dieta alimenticia en el crecimiento poblacional, la tasa de fecundidad, producción y eficiencia de desove de quistes en el rotífero Brachionus plicatilis. Para la producción de microalgas, el agua marina se filtró sucesivamente y se mantuvo entre 25° y 26°C. El volumen de los contenedores para algas, levadura y rotíferos se duplicó diariamente de 31mL a 16L en nueve días. Los rotíferos se mantuvieron a temperaturas de 25°C y salinidad de 35‰. La tasa de crecimiento de los rotíferos por día fue de 0,91 alimentados con C. muelleri, 0,89 con I. galbana y de 0,87 con levadura. La fecundidad de los rotíferos 10 días fue de 0,72 cuando fueron alimentados con C. muelleri, 0,63 con I. galbana y 0,36 con levadura. La producción más alta de quistes fue de 63 243 (1,55%) a partir de 4 064 000 rotíferos cuando se alimentan con C. muelleri. La eficiencia de desove de quistes de rotíferos alimentados con C. muelleri fue de 51 500 (94,6%) de neonatos después de 36 horas, 45 000 (93,3%) con la dieta de I. galbana y de 31 000 (92,6%) con levadura. C. muelleri mostró ser una buena fuente de alimentación. Alimentación, desove, fecundidad, temperatura, salinidad In order to expand the practice of marine finfish larvae rearing, it is necessary to increase and stabilize the production of live feed. The technology is based on the use of highly concentrated algal biomass as food for the rotifers. Villegas, Millamena and Escritor (2008) studied the effects of three selected algal species, Tetraselmis tetrahele, Isochrysis galbana, and marine Chlorella sp., on the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis after three, five and seven days of culture. The rotifers fed on T. tetrahele showed growth with a mean peak density of 92,5 individuals per mL. This result was superior to those fed on I. galbana (48,2 individuals per mL) and Chlorella sp. (47,2 individuals per mL) in five days. Rotifers a...
We studied fecundity, survival, and growth of the seahorse Hippocampus ingens under semi-controlled conditions. Three wild brood stock mature males of 14.8, 24.5, and 32.0 g released 1 598, 1 703, and 1 658 juveniles. Juvenile stocking densities of 12 were settled in 60-l aquariums in groups of 1, 12, and 20 days old organisms. The rate of survival was 21.5, 61.9, and 59.0 %, respectively, in 35 days. Juveniles were fed a mix diet of rotifers B. plicatilis and Artemia nauplii, then they were transferred to a cement tank of 100 000 l at a density of 50/1 000 l and fed with live adult Artemia for 60 days more. They grew from an average of 0.7, 1.5, and 2.7 to 4.5, 5.4, and 6.7 cm, respectively, in 95 days. The seawater temperature varied from 17 to 23 o C.
Just like it is important to obtain robust and heavy fish in short periods in aquaculture, in aquariology it is important to efficiently obtain colorful fish, which are usually males, and this makes sex reversal important. We studied sex reversal and growth for 120 days in 10-gallon tanks, without aeration, with densities of 1 fry per liter. Temperature varied between 28,2 and 28,7°C. The pH was 8,1 to 8,8 and oxygen concentration 6,2 to 6,8mg/l. Aba Api-balanced food with 25% protein was used and three different hormones were added to the treatments: 1) Sten 2) Primoteston and 3) Sostenon 250. Sex reversal in males was 85,0%, 92,5% and 80,0% respectively. Fishes with treatments 1 and 3 gained an average of 0,48g and 4,2cm (with treatment 2: 0,44g and 4cm). Survival was 85%, 92,5% and 80%; however, these differences were not significant. The three treatments gave the expected results of sex reversal, growth and survival.KEY WORDSAnimal feed, population density, hormone supply, aquariums without aeration
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