Polyphenols as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Structural specificity and impact on human disease

Abstract

The present review focuses on the emerging evidence regarding the potential of polyphenols to act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This enzyme plays a fundamental role in the body and its inhibition may play a role in the control of various pathologies, including Myasthenia gravis, Glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease. Polyphenols are present throughout the human diet and their potential effects in ameliorating the quality of life and to prevent human ageing are the subject of numerous and varied research. In this review we outline the potential influence of polyphenols on acetylcholinesterase with a particular view to describing their actions in the brain. Following an introduction to the biochemical actions of the enzyme and its active site, we will present an overview of the reported actions of polyphenols, in particular flavonoids and tannins, to act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. We will also highlight structure-activity relationships and how metabolism of polyphenols during absorption affects their function. Finally, we discuss the evidence for some foods to possess acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity.

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential and Cholinesterase Inhibition Potential of Extracts from Mentha pulegium L.

“…Rosmarinic acid, as the most prominent compound of the tested extracts, was previously confirmed as a good ChE inhibitor. [8,[29][30][31] Some of others phenolic compounds, identified in low quantity, also showed ChE inhibitory effect. These were caffeic acid, [29] ellagic acid, [8,30] naringenin, [32] quercetin [8,33,34] and chlorogenic acid.…”

“…[8,[29][30][31] Some of others phenolic compounds, identified in low quantity, also showed ChE inhibitory effect. These were caffeic acid, [29] ellagic acid, [8,30] naringenin, [32] quercetin [8,33,34] and chlorogenic acid. [8,29,30,35] Despite of that, the tested M. pulegium extracts were showed low inhibition potential toward AChE and BChE.…”

“…These were caffeic acid, [29] ellagic acid, [8,30] naringenin, [32] quercetin [8,33,34] and chlorogenic acid. [8,29,30,35] Despite of that, the tested M. pulegium extracts were showed low inhibition potential toward AChE and BChE. It is probably that that was the result of antagonistic effect among the extract compounds.…”

“…Polyphenol compounds trigger a special interest in this regard due to their positive effect on human health. [8] One of the plants used in the diet and traditional medicine of many countries is Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae). It is a perennial plant from the Lamiaceae family, which is represented in the area of Europe and the Mediterranean.…”

4,5‐dicaffeyolquinic acid improves high‐fat diet‐induced cognitive dysfunction through the regulation of insulin degrading enzyme

“…On the other hand, these changes improved in the EFAA and 4,5-diCQA groups (Figure 3). In previous studies, it was confirmed that various medicinal plants have AChE inhibitory activity, in addition, various polyphenols such as quercetin, curcumin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin also have AChE inhibitory activity (Roseiro, Rauter, & Serralheiro, 2012). And it has been reported that AChE inhibitors can be used clinically to counteract various pathologies including AD (Sánchez-Chávez & Salceda, 2000).…”