Polycaprolactone/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffolds Obtained via Rotary Jet-Spinning: in vitro and in vivo Evaluation

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo polymeric membranes obtained by a rotary jet-spinning process for the repair of critical bone defects in the calvaria of Wistar rats, for future use in tissue engineering. Experimental sample collections were performed on the 30, 60 and 90th postoperative days, and the analyses performed were histomorphometric, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Reducing inflammatory infiltrate in all groups and experimental periods, angiogenesis on the 30th day did not show any difference between the groups, on the 60th day, 5% polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate(PCL/β-TCP) was high compared to control (C), and on the 90th day, the same group reduced when compared to C and 10% PCL/β-TCP. The fibroplasia presented oscillations in every segment; on the 30th and 60th day, there was an increase in 5% PCL/β-TCP, which decreased by the 90th day compared to group C. 10% PCL/β-TCP decreased compared to C on the 60th and 90th day. The percentage of the collagen area remained high in all groups and all experimental periods. Immunohistochemistry quantifications showed variations in bone metabolism suggesting new bone formation. The 5 and 10% PCL/β-TCP scaffold were promising for the bone regeneration process because they participated in the modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibroplasia, and collagenosis.

Electrical stimulation therapy and rotary jet‐spinning scaffold to treat bone defects

“…Prepared solution (blend/solvent) was slowly deposited into the RJS equipment reservoir and centrifugal force at 3,500 rpm to promote the fibers elongation and jets were expelled out from the four orifices and depositing them on the collector. The same process was used to create PCL/β‐TCP fibers by mixing 0.075 g of β‐TCP (5%) with PCL and chloroform (de Andrade Pinto et al, 2021; Vida et al, 2018). The detailed material characterization of the scaffold has been reported by de Andrade Pinto et al (2021) (Figure 1).…”

“…The same process was used to create PCL/β-TCP fibers by mixing 0.075 g of β-TCP (5%) with PCL and chloroform ( de Andrade Pinto et al, 2021;Vida et al, 2018). The detailed material characterization of the scaffold has been reported by de Andrade Pinto et al (2021) (Figure 1).…”

Surface Engineering of a Bioartificial Membrane for Its Application in Bioengineering Devices

“…Hence, they suitably provide a microenvironment for cells during any tissue regeneration. , For instance, researchers have used the rotary spin jet method to form a membrane scaffold of PCL for the regeneration of critical bone defects in rats. The scaffold supported new bone formation, after 60 days of implanting membrane scaffold in rats . Kumar et al also explored the electrospun nanofibrous PCL–gel membrane to design a cell culture insert device wherein they cultured HaCaT cells to develop an epidermal layer of skin tissue.…”

“…The scaffold supported new bone formation, after 60 days of implanting membrane scaffold in rats. 18 Kumar et al also explored the electrospun nanofibrous PCL–gel membrane to design a cell culture insert device wherein they cultured HaCaT cells to develop an epidermal layer of skin tissue. These free-standing membranes facilitated the formation of tight junctions in the developed skin tissue.…”

Bioartificial Organs: Ongoing Research and Future Trends

“…Polymeric materials such as membranes gain more attention as potential candidates for the repair and development of functional human tissues, such as bone, pancreas, retina, kidney, blood vessels, and nerves. Polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) obtained by a rotary jet-spinning process are particularly interesting for the repair and regeneration of critical bone, as reported by de Andrade Pinto et al [2021]. Novel polymeric nanostructures (such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanotubes, etc.…”