Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate containing scaffolds and their integration with osteoblasts as a model for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Nano/micro engineered polymeric materials offer expansive scope of biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering especially those involving electrospun biodegradable nanofibers incorporated with inorganic nanoparticles, thus mimicking the extracellular matrix of bone both structurally and chemically. For the first time, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate containing natural poly-(α, β)-DL-aspartic acid and inorganic hydroxyapatite nanofibers were fabricated using poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate: poly-(α, β)-DL-aspartic acid at a ratio of 80:20 (w/w) added with 1% (w/v) of hydroxyapatite, by the process of electrospinning. The surface morphology, chemical, and mechanical properties of electrospun poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate/poly-(α, β)-DL-aspartic acid, and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate/poly-(α, β)-DL-aspartic acid/hydroxyapatite nanofibers were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile tester, respectively. Human fetal osteoblasts were cultured on different nanofibrous scaffolds for evaluating the cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization. Cells on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate/poly-(α, β)-DL-aspartic acid/hydroxyapatite scaffolds demonstrated higher proliferation (30.10%) and mineral deposition (37.60%) than the cells grown on pure poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate scaffolds. Obtained results highlight the synergistic effect of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, poly-(α, β)-DL-aspartic acid, and hydroxyapatite towards the enhancement of the osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity of human fetal osteoblasts, demonstrating the appropriate physicochemical and biological properties of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate/poly-(α, β)-DL-aspartic acid/hydroxyapatite nanofibers to function as a substrate for bone tissue regeneration.

Poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) improved osteogenic differentiation of the human induced pluripotent stem cells while considered as an artificial extracellular matrix

“…But as mentioned, PHBV completely degraded and consumed by the body's cells and its degradability test was positive, whereas after degradation in the body becomes a nontoxic 3‐hydroxybutyrate, as a natural blend of the blood (Gheibi, Khoshnevisan, Ketabchi, Derakhshan, & Babadi, ). Studies showed that PHB formability and processability were improved when changed to the PHBV, making it usable in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering (Singh, Sharma, & Malviya, ; S. Zhang, Prabhakaran, Qin, & Ramakrishna, ). In this study, a PHBV nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning and the SEM results confirmed its fibrous structure in nanometer scale, and its biocompatibility was also confirmed using culturing human iPSCs and MTT assay.…”

Composite tendon implant based on nanofibrillar polyhydroxybutyrate and polyamide filaments

“…Among the biodegradable, biocompatible, and thrombus‐resistant polymers, of special note are the polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), of which poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most widely studied polymer . PHB is currently used to develop a range of medical products for dentistry, cardio surgery, orthopedics, and other areas …”

“…3 PHB is currently used to develop a range of medical products for dentistry, cardio surgery, orthopedics, and other areas. [4][5][6] It is well known that implants can promote restoration of damaged connective tissue and ensure the performance of its function. Of special interest are synthetic polymer materials.…”

Nanofibrous Scaffolds as Promising Cell Carriers for Tissue Engineering

“…Synthetic polymers include a broad spectrum of biostable polymers, for example polyethylene terephthalate [9], polytetrafluoroethylene [22] and polyurethane, suitable for fabrication of vascular grafts [23], and biodegradable polymers, for example polylactides (PLA) [24,25] and their copolymers with polyglycolides (PLGA) [1,26], polycaprolactone (PCL) [2,4,6], poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) [27], polydioxanone [5], polyvinylalcohol (PVA) [28,29], and synthetic peptides [7,30].…”

“…This is feasible by addition of inorganic nanoparticles into nanofibers, such as ceramic nanoparticles, for example hydroxyapatite [16,27,28,30], tricalcium phosphate [63,66], calcium oxide [67], or calcium silicate [24]; metal-based nanoparticles, for example gold nanoparticles [29], ferro- [62], or nanodiamonds [68]. These nanoparticles not only reinforce the polymeric nanofibers but also enhance their bioactivity in terms of increased cell adhesion, growth, osteogenic cell differentiation, bone matrix mineralization and antimicrobial activity.…”