Polarization anisotropy in mesoscale domains of poly(phenylene vinylene) thin films

Nanoscale charge transport in an electroluminescent polymer investigated by conducting atomic force microscopy

“…Recently, near-field scanning optical microscopy ͑NSOM͒ has been employed for this task. [8][9][10] The achieved resolution, however, is nominally no better than 50 nm and leaves room for improvement. As aggregates are also known to promote charge transport, 7 it is feasible to image aggregate distribution through high-resolution current imaging.…”

Polarization-Modulation Techniques in Near-Field Optical Microscopy for Imaging of Polarization Anisotropy in Photonic Nanostructures

“…Finally, we observe that for γ tip ∼ 0.1 (typically γ tip ∼ 0.05 [77,80]), the error on γ sample due to our approximations is less than 1%. Moreover, we note that if γ tip 1 (10.25)-(10.28) are still valid even if the sample's dichroic ratio is smaller than γ tip .…”

“…Two experimental approaches have been used to rotate the polarization of the probing light, using PEMs and EOMs. The PEM [50,76] provides a sinusoidal phase change δ ∝ sin(ωt), while the EOM [28,48,77,78] is characterized by a linear phase change δ ∝ ωt. The respective Jones matrices are reported in Table 10.2.…”

Nanoscale Inhomogeneity of Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials

“…Tan et al and Wei et al [110][111][112] studied the anisotropy and mesoscopic inhomogeneity of thin films of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2 0 -ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) using ac polarization modulation. They found that the homogeneous isotropic structure of as-coated films becomes highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous upon annealing (12 h, 210°C, N 2 atmosphere).…”