Nanoscale Inhomogeneity of Conducting‐Polymer‐Based Materials

Microfibers from interpolymer complexation of κ-carrageenan and oligomers of polyaniline for glucose detection

“…The blends of conductive polymers and bio-macromolecules are of complexity in their multi-level and multi-dimensional structures, including heterogeneities in composition, phase geometry and interface morphology. Even in the mono-phase of conductive polymers, it is still of complex and heterogeneous structures in dispersive dimensions, in packed or entangled polymer chains and even in single chains [3,4]. The complexity in structures leads to the difficulties to investigate the distribution and displacement of the charge carriers along or among the polymers chains, and the difficulties to illuminate the working mechanism of the bio-devices and to repeat or to enhance the device performance.…”

“…The understanding of the mechanism of such devices is still a challenge because of the complexity in structure and performance due to the synthesis and fabricating unexpectations. Nowadays the research on biosensors with conductive polymers is focused on the synthesis and characterization of nano-structured conductive polymers and its performance in the device [2,3]. The blends of conductive polymers and bio-macromolecules are of complexity in their multi-level and multi-dimensional structures, including heterogeneities in composition, phase geometry and interface morphology.…”