“…Park with various electrochemically polymerized conducting polymers such as polypyrrole [53][54][55], polyaniline [56,57], polythiophene and derivatives [58], and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene) [59], as well as chemically polymerized poly(o-anthranilic acid) (PARA) [60]. There have also been CS-AFM studies of chemically polymerized polyaniline [61,62] and MEH-PPV [63], as well as spin-coated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) [64,65]. All these studies universally suggested that the conducting polymer materials, both doped and undoped, showed a considerable nanoscale inhomogeneity and possessed domains with higher and lower conductivity.…”