Platelet-rich plasma-enhanced osseointegration of decellularized bone matrix in critical-size radial defects in rabbits

Abstract

Background: Bone defects represent a common orthopedic condition. With its vast array of donor sources, xenogeneic bone shows considerable potential as a bone defect repair material but may also be associated with immune rejection and reduced osteogenic capacity. Thus, reducing the risks for immune rejection of xenogeneic bone, while improving its osseointegration, are key technical challenges.Methods: Decellularized bone matrix scaffolds (DBMs) were fabricated by thorough ultrasonic vibration and subjection to chemical biological agents to remove cells and proteins. The DBMs were then mixed with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under negative pressure. Growth factor concentrations of PRP, as well as the microstructures and biomechanical properties of the system, were examined. Furthermore, osseointegration capacities in the critical-size radial defect rabbit model were verified.Results: Complete decellularization of the scaffold and limited reductions in mechanical strength were observed. Moreover, the obtained PRP demonstrated various growth factors. Radiographic evaluation and histological analysis verified that more new bone formation occurred in the DBM mixed with PRP group at 6 and 12 weeks after implantation compared with both the blank group and the DBM without PRP group.Conclusions: Thorough physical and chemical treatments can reduce the probability of immune rejection of DBMs. The novel composite of DBMs mixed with PRP can serve as a promising bone regeneration material.

The effect of LyPRP/collagen composite hydrogel on osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs

“…1C show that compared with whole blood, significantly lower white blood cells existed in PRP and LyPRP groups, indicating that the extracted PRP by this method was poor leukocyte PRP. Literature had reported that a high concentration of white blood cells might have an adverse effect on bone repair by releasing inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, TNF-α), thereby affecting or even counteracting the promoting effect of growth factors on the bone repair [ 23 ]. Analysis by hemocytometer showed that almost no red blood cells were found in PRP and LyPRP ( Fig.…”

A novel classification of bone graft materials

“…Several growth factors, such as transforming growth factor β‐1 and platelet‐derived growth factor‐AB have been linked to positively affecting bone regeneration and vascularisation 236 . Incorporating PRP into autografts, allografts, and other scaffolds have significantly improved the levels of bone regeneration and bone healing in animal studies 237–239 . In contrast, some studies identified no significant outcomes after using PRP 240,241 .…”

“…236 Incorporating PRP into autografts, allografts, and other scaffolds have significantly improved the levels of bone regeneration and bone healing in animal studies. [237][238][239] In contrast, some studies identified no significant outcomes after using PRP. 240,241 A study noted that the benefits of using PRP could not be observed with histology and were visible only in the micro-CT examination as increments in bone density.…”

Biomaterials for Interbody Fusion in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Obtaining good biocompatibility of fillers through internal filling of stents, promoting local proliferation, and obtaining a good osteogenic ability to promote interbody fusion are commonly used methods in basic experiments and clinical practice of spine surgery. Additives such as drugs, growth factors, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are added to the pre-designed porous interbody fusion cage by means of negative pressure suction, direct filling, and immersion ( Bai H. T. et al, 2020 ; Leng et al, 2020 ).…”