Plasma Glutamine Levels in Septic Patients

Planas, M.; Schwartz, S.; Arbós, M.A.; Farriol, M.

doi:10.1177/0148607193017003299

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Critically ill patients are at high risk of glutamine depletion (Planas et al 1993) and subsequent complications, such as the developing of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therapeutic interventions to improve outcomes from ALI/ARDS have met with limited success (Phua et al 2009).…”

Section: Glutamine and The Development Of Acute Lung Injury/acute Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, if a conditional deficiency occurs, critically ill patients should obtain some benefit with its exogenous replacement (Roth et al 1982, Planas et al 1993, Oudemans-van Straaten et al 2001. In fact, studies have demonstrated that Gln supplemented nutrition reduced the clinical complications of these patients (Wischmeyer et al 2001, Ziegler et al 2005, Déchelotte et al 2006, Tang et al 2007).…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During acute illnesses patients experience nutritional depletion that is correlated to low plasma and low mucosal glutamine concentrations (Oudemans-van Straaten et al 2001). Such deficiencies are common among hospitalized patients and are associated with an increased risk of developing infectious complications, organ failure, and death (Roth et al 1982, Planas et al 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action in critically ill patients

Oliveira

Dias

Pelosi

et al. 2010

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Glutamine (Gln) is an important energy source and has been used as a supplementary energy substrate. Furthermore, Gln is an essential component for numerous metabolic functions, including acid-base homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, nitrogen transport and synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Therefore, glutamine plays a significant role in cell homeostasis and organ metabolism. This article aims to review the mechanisms of glutamine action during severe illnesses. In critically ill patients, the increase in mortality was associated with a decreased plasma Gln concentration. During catabolic stress, Gln consumption rate exceeds the supply, and both plasma and skeletal muscle pools of free Gln are severely reduced. The dose and route of Gln administration clearly influence its effectiveness: high-dose parenteral appears to be more beneficial than low-dose enteral administration. Experimental studies reported that Gln may protect cells, tissues, and whole organisms from stress and injury through the following mechanisms: attenuation of NF (nuclear factor)-κB activation, a balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduction in neutrophil accumulation, improvement in intestinal integrity and immune cell function, and enhanced of heat shock protein expression. In conclusion, high-doses of parenteral Gln (>0.50 g/kg/day) demonstrate a greater potential to benefit in critically ill patients, although Gln pathophysiological mechanisms requires elucidation.

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Section: Glutamine and The Development Of Acute Lung Injury/acute Resmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action in critically ill patients

Oliveira

Dias

Pelosi

et al. 2010

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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“…During catabolism states a large amount of amino acids, including glutamine, is released from the muscle tissue. Therefore, it is expected that, as in critical patients that has evidenced low serum levels of glutamine, the same occurs in patients living with HIV/AIDS (22,24) . So, it is reasonable to assume that dietary supplementation with glutamine may have a positive impact on the nutritional status of these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Intestinal Permeability With Alanyl-Glutamine in Hiv Patients:

Leite

Lima

Leite

et al. 2013

Arq. Gastroenterol.

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-Context -Glutamine is the main source of energy of the enterocyte and diarrhea and weight loss are frequent in HIV infected patients. Objective -To determine the effect of alanyl-glutamine supplementation on intestinal permeability and absorption in these patients. Methods -Randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled study using isonitrogenous doses of alanyl-glutamine (24 g/day) and placebo (glycine, 25 g/day) during 10 days. Before and after this nutritional supplementation lactulose and mannitol urinary excretion were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results -Forty six patients with HIV/AIDS, 36 of whom were male, with 37.28 ± 3 (mean ± standard error) years were enrolled. Twenty two and 24 subjects were treated with alanyl-glutamine and with glycine respectively. In nine patients among all in the study protocol that reported diarrhea in the 14 days preceding the beginning of the study, mannitol urinary excretion was significantly lower than patients who did not report this symptom [median (

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“…It is the most abundant free amino acid in circulation under normal circumstances; however, under conditions of stress, such as critical illness or chronic gastrointestinal disorders, glutamine levels may be inadequate to meet the body's demands and are thus classified as conditionally essential (31,32).…”

Section: Glutaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in Intensive Care Units: An Important Risk Factor for Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Infections

Gündoğan

Bayram²,

Alp

2015

Yoğun Bakim Derg

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Intensive care units have the highest prevalence of nosocomial infections in hospitals. Good nutritional support is essential to prevent nosocomial infections. However, malnutrition is a common and important problem in intensive care units, especially in developing countries. For the prevention of malnutrition, a team approach is needed. Immunonutrition is nutrition that affects the immune response in various ways and increases the strength of the immune system. Pharmaconutrition is the administration of immunonutrients over the daily recommended doses that act like pharmacological agents and drugs. The major immunonutrients are glutamine, arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, nucleotides, antioxidants (selenium, vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, copper, and Nacetyl cysteine), probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. The aim of this review is to highlight the pathophysiology and role of malnutrition in intensive care unit-acquired infections (ICU-AIs) and the use of immunonutrients to prevent ICU-AIs. (Yoğun Bakım Derg 2014; 5: 36-42)

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Plasma Glutamine Levels in Septic Patients

Cited by 48 publications

References 3 publications

Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action in critically ill patients

Understanding the mechanisms of glutamine action in critically ill patients

Improvement of Intestinal Permeability With Alanyl-Glutamine in Hiv Patients:

Malnutrition in Intensive Care Units: An Important Risk Factor for Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Infections

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