Plants of the American continent with antimalarial activity

Abstract

RESUMO: "Plantas do continente Americano com atividade antimalárica". Malária é uma doença parasitária humana causada por protozoários do gênero Plasmodium. Esta doença tem acometido populações que habitam regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Anualmente, cerca de 500 milhões de casos ocorrem no mundo, o que permite ser considerada uma doença emergente de importância para a saúde pública. Neste contexto, os produtos naturais, a exemplo das espécies vegetais, têm suas moléculas bioativas como alvo para estudos farmacológicos, toxicológicos e fitoquímicos destinados à síntese de medicamentos mais eficazes para o tratamento de inúmeras doenças. Portanto, este trabalho fornece subsídio às pesquisas com produtos naturais para o tratamento da malária. Nesta revisão, 476 espécies de plantas do continente Americano foram relatadas para a atividade antimalárica, sendo destas 198 ativas e 278 inativas para algum tipo de Plasmodium, quando avaliados através de modelos in vitro e in vivo.Unitermos: Atividade antimalárica, plantas medicinais, produtos naturais, continente Americano, revisão.ABSTRACT: Malaria is a human parasitic disease caused by protozoa species of the Plasmodium genus. This disease has affected populations of the tropical and subtropical regions. About 500 million new cases occur annually on the world and therefore it is considered an emerging disease of important public health problem. In this context, the natural products as vegetables species have their bioactive molecules as targets for pharmacological, toxicological and phytochemical studies towards the development of more effective medicines for the treatment of many diseases. So this work intends to aid the researchers in the study of natural products to the treatment of malaria. In this review, 476 plants of the American continent were related for the antimalarial activity and of these vegetables species 198 were active and 278 inactive for some type of Plasmodium when they were evaluated through of in vitro or in vivo bioassays models.

Ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in the middle region of the Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil

“…), picão (Bidens pibinatifolia), sacaca (Croton crajucara), and quina (Quassia amara) (Table 2), which is in agreement with other similar studies carried out in the Amazon region (Brandão et al 1992;Milliken 1997b;Hidalgo 2000;Frausin et al 2014;Ferreira et al 2015;Kffuri et al 2016). All of these plants have proven effective in the control of malaria Plasmodium (Milliken 1997a;Mariath et al 2009;Nunomura and Pohlit 2010), except for B. bipinatifolia that has not yet been tested. Thus our results support the notion that the species more commonly used, and therefore empirically approved by more people, are also those proven to be efficient for disease treatment when tested scientifically.…”

“…These families are among those with the highest species diversity in the Amazon region (Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção 2017). However, when considering the ratio of total species number by family to those of antimalarial value in traditional pharmacopeia, Simaroubaceae would be the most important plant family for the treatment of malaria, since 20% of all Simaroubaceae species that occur in the Amazon were reported to be used for the treatment of this disease, while only 3.4% of Apocynaceae species occurring in the region were reported as antimalarial (Milliken 1997a;Mariath et al 2009; Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção 2017). The relatively high use of exotic species in popular pharmacopoeia is a result of population influx of other regions, which is common in northern South America (Bennet and Prance 2000) and in Barcelos (Barra and Dias 2013).…”

Avaliação de parâmetros de extração da Cinchona Vahl por métodos farmacopéicos e não farmacopéicos

“…O uso medicinal dessa erva vai desde o tratamento da malária, até neuralgia, espasmos musculares, fibrilação cardíaca; também encontra uso na indústria alimentícia como flavorizante amargo (Weisman et. al., 2006;Mariath et al, 2009). A droga contém de 7-12% de alcalóides totais dos quais a quinina (1) representa 70-90% e quinidina (2) até 1% (McCalley, 2002, Barbosa-Filho et al, 2005.…”

Assessment of the effect of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. extract on the labeling of blood elements with technetium-99m and on the morphology of red blood cells

“…The use of natural products, as medicinal plants, has increased in the last decades all over the world (Oliveira et al, 2003a(Oliveira et al, , 2003bGobindarajan et al, 2005;BarbosaFilho et al, 2007;Biavatti et al, 2007;Cardoso-Lopes et al, 2008;Quintans-Júnior et al, 2008;Rangel et al, 2008;Rodríguez et al, 2008;Sousa et al, 2008;Mariath et al, 2009). Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.…”