Ethanol, methanol and water extracts representing mostly native plant species found in the Amazon region were prepared, respectively, by maceration, continuous liquid-solid extraction and infusion, followed by evaporation and freeze-drying. The freeze-dried extracts were tested for lethality toward Aedes aegypti larvae at test concentrations of 500 µg / mL. In general, methanol extracts exhibited the greatest larvicidal activity. The following 7 methanol extracts of (the parts of) the indicated plant species were the most active, resulting in 100 % mortality in A. aegypti larvae: Tapura amazonica Poepp. KEY WORDS
Action of plant growth regulators over the development of Lippia alba.Lippia alba, a Brazilian species, from the Verbenaceae family, is planted and used throughout Brazil in traditional medicine such as analgesic, calminative and sedative, using aqueous extract of leaves. This study investigated the effect of GA 3 , ethephon and CCC spray solutions on the growth of L. alba at different times of the year. The experiment was carried out at São Manuel Experimental Station from the Universidade Estadual Paulista in Botucatu, Brazil, from December 1995 to December 1996. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments with three replications in complete randomized blocks, and the treatment was applied to the plots and at harvest time, to the subplots. The treatments included control, giberellic acid (GA 3 50 and 100 mg.L -1 ), 2-cloroetil-fosfonic acid (ethephon 100 and 200 mg.L -1) and 2-cloroetil-trimetil ammonium chloride (CCC-1000 and 2000 mg.L -1 ). The vegetable regulators were applied at two different periods, forty and a hundred days after establishment of the experiment, and the growth of the plants was evaluated six times. After the first application, the plants were collected at intervals of 14 days. Plant growth regulators GA 3 , and CCC tended to elevate the results of the evaluated parameters (dry matter of stem, leaves, flowers and total) but the results always stayed smaller or equal to the control.
Diagnosticou-se o perfil dos consumidores de supermercados em Pato Branco (PR), com relação às suas preferências pelas plantas medicinais e condimentares, como subsídio à produção por pequenos produtores rurais. Os consumidores preferem produtos orgânicos, observam a aparência e o preço do produto, e vão ao mercado uma vez por semana, preferencialmente aos sábados. As dez plantas medicinais preferidas, em ordem decrescente, são camomila, anis, boldo, carqueja, guaco, malva, poejo, espinheira-santa, menta e sálvia. As dez plantas condimentares preferidas, em ordem decrescente, são cebola, cravo, canela, orégano, alho, nóz-moscada, pimentão, cebolinha, endro e salsinha.
ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar as ocorrências e usos do tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) na zona rural do município de Irituia, no Estado do Pará, uma vez que o aproveitamento da palmeira faz parte da cultura tradicional de comunidades de agricultores familiares, ribeirinhas e quilombolas, utilizada na cura de doenças, na alimentação humana e de animais domésticos, construção de abrigos, obtenção de fibras, produção de utensílios e artesanatos, caça e pesca. Além dos usos relatados pela população, o tucumã possui potencial para a produção de óleo e biodiesel. Nesse sentido, a Universidade Federal do Pará -UFPA, em parceria com a Prefeitura Municipal de Irituia, estuda a implantação de uma usina para processamento de oleaginosas no município, entre as quais se inclui o tucumã como potencial matéria prima. Esta proposta estimula a produção em sistemas agroflorestais, alternativa ao sistema de agricultura de derruba e queima, conciliando a conservação ambiental com o Desenvolvimento Rural Territorial. Considerando os resultados obtidos em trabalho de campo, podem ser estimadas em média 9,4 touceiras de tucumã por ha, cada touceira possuindo 7,7 estipes e 4,7 cachos com até 146 frutos. Se todas as touceiras de tucumã forem mantidas até que atinjam esta capacidade de produção média, estima-se que a produção de frutos na área rural do município será em torno de 132.060 toneladas, que poderão produzir até 12.665,4 toneladas/ano de óleo da polpa e 4.768,4 toneladas/ano de óleo das amêndoas, confirmando a oferta de matéria prima para movimentar essa cadeia produtiva.Palavras-chave: agroextrativismo, oleaginosas, agricultura tradicional, saberes locais, desenvolvimento sustentável. OCCURRENCE AND USES OF TUCUMÃ (ASTROCARYUM VULGARE MART.) IN RIVERINE, QUILOMBOLA AND TRADITIONAL FARMERS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF IRITUIA-STATE OF PARÁ, BRAZIL AbstractThe aim of the study is to demonstrate the occurrence and usage of the Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) in rural areas of the Municipality of Irituia, in the State of Pará (Brazil), since the use of the palm part of the traditional culture of communities of farmers, riparian and quilombola, used in curing diseases in human and domestic animals, building shelters, obtaining fibers, production of tools and crafts, hunting and fishing. In adLima, L. P. et al. 762-778, 2013765 dition to the uses reported by the population, tucumã has potential for the production of oil and biodiesel. In this sense, the Federal University of Pará -UFPA, in a partnership with the Irituia's Municipal Government, is studying the implementation of an oleaginous processing plant in the municipality, among them, and includes the Tucumã as a potential source. Such proposal stipulates the production in the agroforestry system, as an alternative to the slash and burn agriculture in the region, reconciling environmental conservation with territorial rural development. Considering the results obtained in the field, it has been found an average of 9.4 stumps per hectare, each stump having 7.7 sti...
The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of Dioscorea trifida in Brazil and to obtain information concerning its distribution, management and diversity. Farmers from 21 communities were interviewed in the states of São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso. During the visits, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect socio-economic, management and diversity data for this crop. Fifty-one collected accessions, plus two accessions obtained at local markets of Amazonas, were characterized using 12 morphological traits. Most the interviewed farmers were men (75%) with a mean age of 59.5 years. Just a few young people and labor force were available for agricultural activities, with an average of only three individuals per farm. Most farmers (56%) grew only one variety of D. trifida, although 44% had more than one variety in their fields, which aims to provide greater assurance at harvest. Many popular names were observed for D. trifida, and cará roxo (purple yam) was the name most used by farmers (43.4%). Characters referring to the tuber, such as skin and flesh color, were most relevant for the distinction of the accessions. The results of this study may collaborate to develop strategies for conservation, both ex situ and in situ, within the view of on farm conservation. Keywords
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