Plain packaging increases visual attention to health warnings on cigarette packs in non‐smokers and weekly smokers but not daily smokers

Munafò, Marcus R.; Roberts, Nicole; Bauld, Linda; Leonards, Ute

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03430.x

Cited by 122 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Eye-tracking studies have shown positive effects on viewing of the graphic warning text and dwell time in cigarette ads (Strasser et al, 2012). Other GHW eye-tracking research shows greater attention toward health warnings compared to brand information when shown on plain packs (i.e., without the colored logo associated with the brand name) versus regular branded packs, with effects observed among nonsmokers and weekly smokers, but not daily smokers (Munafo, Roberts, Bauld, & Leonards, 2011). Yet, interestingly, Maynard and colleagues (2014) found in an eye-tracking study that regular smokers fixated more on the branding rather than the health warning.…”

Section: Cigarettes and Graphic Health Warningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Government Efforts to Aid Consumer Well-Being

Kees¹,

Burton²,

Andrews³

2015

The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology

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Section: Cigarettes and Graphic Health Warningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Government Efforts to Aid Consumer Well-Being

Kees¹,

Burton²,

Andrews³

2015

The Cambridge Handbook of Consumer Psychology

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“…Laboratory research also shows that, relative to branded packaging, plain cigarette packaging reduces motivation to purchase cigarettes (Brose et al 2014), self-reported engagement in smoking (Moodie et al 2011;Moodie and Mackintosh 2013), the likelihood of accepting a packet of cigarettes (Hammond, Daniel, and White 2013), and engagement in tobacco-seeking behavior . Alongside reducing the activation of learned habits, research suggests that plain cigarette packaging could also change consumer behavior by increasing consumers' attention and positive attitudes towards health warnings displayed on packs Maynard, Munafò, and Leonards 2013;Munafò et al 2011). …”

Section: Removing or Reducing Exposure To Situational Cues That Activmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right Here, Right Now: Situated Interventions to Change Consumer Habits

Best¹,

Papies²

2017

Journal of the Association for Consumer Research

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Consumer behavior-change interventions have traditionally encouraged consumers to form conscious intentions but, in the past decade, it has been shown that whilst these interventions have a medium-to-large effect in changing intentions, they have a much smaller effect in changing behavior. Consumers often do not act in accordance with their conscious intentions because situational cues in the immediate environment automatically elicit learned, habitual behaviors. It has therefore been suggested that researchers re-focus their efforts on developing interventions that target unconscious, unintentional influences on behavior, such as cuebehavior ('habit') associations. To develop effective consumer behavior-change interventions, however, we argue that it is first important to understand how consumer experiences are represented in memory, in order to successfully target the situational cues that most strongly predict engagement in habitual behavior. In this article, we present a situated cognition perspective of habits, and discuss how the situated cognition perspective extends our understanding of how consumer experiences are represented in memory, and the processes through which these situational representations can be retrieved in order to elicit habitual consumer behaviors. Based on the principles of situated cognition, we then discuss five ways interventions could change consumer habits by targeting situational cues in the consumer environment, and suggest how existing interventions utilizing these behaviorchange strategies could be improved by integrating the principles of the situated cognition approach.

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“…renkli zemin veya 'mentollü' yazýsýnýn olduðu paket) karýþýk bir zemin üzerinde mi verilmesi gerektiði ile ilgilidir (örn., 21,22). Ýlk olarak, sigara üreticileri sigara paketlerini pazarlama amacýyla kullanabilmektedirler.…”

Section: Düz Paket Uygulamasýna Geçilmeli Mi?unclassified

“…Bu bulgularla paralel olarak, Thrasher ve arkardaþlarý da (19) üzerinde resim ve metinden oluþan sigara uyarýsýndan baþka bir uyaranýn olmadýðý, düz olarak paketlenmiþ sigaralara talebin daha düþük olduðunu bulmuþlardýr. Munafò ve arkadaþlarý (22) ise sigara uyarýlarýnýn düz paket üzerine yerleþtirilmesinin etkisinin sigara kullanma durumuna göre deðiþtiði-ni bildirmektedir. Buna göre, sigara uyarýlarýnýn düz paket üzerine yerleþtirilmesinin her gün sigara içenlerde bu uyarýlara yönelik görsel dikkati etkilemediði ancak sigara kullanmayanlarda ya da haftalýk kullanýcýlarda (haftada en az bir sigara içen ama her gün kullanmayan) saðlýk uyarýlarýna yöne-lik görsel dikkati arttýrdýðý bulunmuþtur.…”

Section: Düz Paket Uygulamasýna Geçilmeli Mi?unclassified

A Review on the Effects of Health Warnings Printed on Cigarette Packages on Smokers

Malatyalı¹,

Sunal²

2017

J Clin Psy

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SUMMARYPrinting warning messages on cigarette packages is one of the policies against smoking. Millions of people are exposed to these warning messages every day. Therefore, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of these messages and evaluate their effects on individuals. This study aims to discuss the studies investigating health warnings on cigarette packages. In this context, studies about the design of warning messages (e.g. Should we use combined warnings which contain pictorials and texts together or should they contain only pictorials or only texts?; Do we need to return to plain packages?) on cigarette packages were reviewed. Then, studies related to the content of the messages were reviewed since the content of the messages (i.e. message framing) could also be effective on smoking just as the package design. Graphic warning labels on cigarette packages may generate defensive reactions. In this regard, these defensive reactions against graphic warning labels were addressed within the frameworks of psychological reactance theory (1), cognitive dissonance theory (2), terror management theory (3) and self-affirmation theory (4). Finally, how these defensive reactions could be reduced (e.g. framing sentences as questions instead of affirmative sentences) was reviewed on the basis of related literature.

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Plain packaging increases visual attention to health warnings on cigarette packs in non‐smokers and weekly smokers but not daily smokers

Abstract: Among non-smokers and non-daily cigarette smokers, plain packaging appears to increase visual attention towards health warning information and away from brand information.

Cited by 122 publications

References 10 publications

Government Efforts to Aid Consumer Well-Being

Government Efforts to Aid Consumer Well-Being

Right Here, Right Now: Situated Interventions to Change Consumer Habits

A Review on the Effects of Health Warnings Printed on Cigarette Packages on Smokers

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