“Piensa” twice: On the foreign language effect in decision making

Costa, Albert; Foucart, Alice; Arnon, Inbal; Aparici, Melina; Apesteguía, José

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2013.11.010

Cited by 242 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

332

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…attributes (i.e., trustworthy, friendly, generous, and likeable) and nonrelated filler attributes (i.e., attractive, spirited, extraverted, and athletic) as well as on the dimension wealthy vs. not wealthy. Instructions were provided in the respective national languages to avoid foreign language effect on choice behavior (47). It was common knowledge that one of the interactions was randomly selected and incentivized after study completion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multinational investigation of cross-societal cooperation

Dorrough

Glöckner

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a globalized world, establishing successful cooperation between people from different nations is becoming increasingly important. We present results from a comprehensive investigation of crosssocietal cooperation in one-shot prisoner's dilemmas involving population-representative samples from six countries and identify crucial facilitators of and obstacles to cooperation. In interactions involving mutual knowledge about only the other players' nationalities, we demonstrate that people hold strong and transnationally shared expectations (i.e., stereotypes) concerning the cooperation level of interaction partners from other countries. These expectations are the strongest determinants of participant cooperation. Paradoxically, however, they turn out to be incorrect stereotypes that even correlate negatively with reality. In addition to erroneous expectations, participants' cooperation behavior is driven by (shared) social preferences that vary according to the interaction partner's nationality. In the cross-societal context, these social preferences are influenced by differences in wealth and ingroup favoritism, as well as effects of specific country combinations but not by spatial distance between nations.M any social interactions have the structure of a social dilemma, which is characterized by the fact that mutual cooperation-that is, completely transferring one's own resources to an interaction partner (or a group account)-would lead to a socially optimal outcome in that the sum of pay-offs for all persons involved is maximized. However, irrespective of the interaction partner's behavior, each individual person would be better off by defecting: that is, transferring no resources. Thus, mutual defection is the dominant strategy that should be chosen by rational money-maximizing agents (1). Still, cooperation has been observed even in fully anonymous one-shot social dilemmas (2) in which individuals interact only once, so that any selfish incentive to cooperate strategically is excluded. Specifically, it is impossible to cooperate with the aim to later profit from a good reputation (3) or reciprocity (2).Various factors have been identified that, in combination, could explain this puzzling finding. Individuals might have social preferences in that they value the outcome of others and gain utility from the absolute pay-off of other players or lose utility from inequality in pay-offs (4-6). Additionally, individuals might have specific expectations that the other player will cooperate as well (7,8). Social preferences and expectations might thereby be driven partially by similarity and kinship, in that individuals cooperate with genetically similar others to increase biological fitness of their own genotype and expect others to do the same (9, 10).In the present study, our key goal is to investigate the determinants of cooperation between people from different nations. Specifically, cooperation-related expectations and social preferences cannot only account for cooperation behavior in general. These expectations...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multinational investigation of cross-societal cooperation

Dorrough

Glöckner

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this context it seems interesting to consider once again the limitations of the phenomenon pointed by Costa et al (2014), as well as the argument for the FL-induced disactivation of the intuitive processing mode -rather than the reinforcement of the rational mode -put forward by Geipel et al (2015) and Hadjichristidis et al (2015). As a result, the question to be asked addresses the character and scope of the FL effect in problem processing.…”

Section: The Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study by Costa et al (2014) is not the only research to show that the question of the FL effect may be much more complex. In two very recently published studies Hadjichristidis et al, 2015) the authors argue that the FL effect may actually amount to a reduction in the intuitive, emotional thinking, rather than activating the rational processing mode.…”

Section: Turning On the Rational System: The Power Of Foreign Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thinking in a foreign language, fast and slow

Turula¹

2016

Polish Psychological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In particular, decision-making has been shown to be modulated by the language in which a problem is presented in contexts involving a high emotional connotation (Keysar et al 2012). In decision making under uncertainty, the use of a foreign language has proved to promote consistent choices and to reduce ambiguity aversion (Costa et al 2014). The conclusions of these studies confirmed behavioral differences between L1 and L2 populations.…”

Section: Lack Of Significant Differences In the Dictummentioning

confidence: 99%

Counterfactual Conceptualizations in L2 French: From Cognitive Principles to Semantic and Lexical Realizations

Repiso

2017

SHS Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This preliminary survey examines how 30 native speakers and 30 Spanish learners of French evoke counterfactual scenarios from a semantic and a lexical perspective. Counterfactual thinking is a universal cognitive process in which reality is confronted with an imagined view of what might have been (Kahneman & Tversky 1982). The world as we know it is based on a set of enabling conditions that can be mutated, i.e., modified in order to evoke counterfactual worlds. This can be done by modifying various elements in a sentence. For example, speakers might produce counterfactual scenarios by replacing an accusative (1) or by changing some attribute of the subject (2).(1) I should have had coffee at breakfast rather than tea.(2) If I were a man, my life would have been quite different. In each case, a specific language property is changed. Example (1) results from a modification operated on transitivity, and example (2) on affectedness. While counterfactual thinking is universal, its concrete form is only shaped in childhood together with the acquisition of the first language. Is this concrete form preserved or changed in second language acquisition? Earlier research has shown that speakers of different languages have different preferences to do that (Repiso 2013). This survey compares whether non-native speakers of French adopt the same preferences which native speakers have at the level of Verb-Argument Constructions (VACs).Résumé. Conceptualisations contrefactuelles en français L2: des principes cognitifs aux realisations sémantiques et lexicales. Cette étude préliminaire explore la façon dont 30 locuteurs natifs et 30 locuteurs hispanophones du français relate des scénarios contrefactuels dans une perspective sémantique et lexicale. La pensée contrefactuelle est un processus cognitif dans lequel la réalité est confrontée à une vision imaginaire de ce qui aurait pu se passer (Kahnenan & Tversky 1982). Le monde tel que nous le connaissons repose sur un ensemble de conditions de possibilité qui peuvent être changées, c'est-à-dire modifiées afin d'évoquer des mondes contrefactuels. Par exemple, les locuteurs peuvent produire des scénarios contrefactuels en remplaçant un complément d'objet par un autre (1) ou en changeant un attribut du sujet (2). (1) J'aurais dû avoir un café plutôt qu'un thé au petit déjeuner.(2) Si j'étais un homme, ma vie aurait été assez différente. A chaque fois, une propriété langagière spécifique est modifiée. L'exemple (1) témoigne d'une modification du ressort de la transitivité, et l'exemple (2) de l'ordre de l'affectedness. Alors que la pensée contrefactuelle est universelle, sa forme concrète est façonnée durant l'enfance lors de l'acquisition de la langue première. Cette forme concrète est-elle préservée ou changée dans l'acquisition de la langue seconde ? Des recherches antérieures ont montré que des locuteurs de langues différentes ont des préférences différentes pour le faire (Repiso 2013). Cette étude observe de façon contrastive si des locuteurs non natifs du français adopte...

show abstract

“Piensa” twice: On the foreign language effect in decision making

Cited by 242 publications

References 41 publications

Multinational investigation of cross-societal cooperation

Multinational investigation of cross-societal cooperation

Thinking in a foreign language, fast and slow

Counterfactual Conceptualizations in L2 French: From Cognitive Principles to Semantic and Lexical Realizations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About