Phylogenetic relationships within Turneraceae based on morphological characters with emphasis on seed micromorphology

Abstract

Genera of Turneraceae differ notably in connation/adnation of calyx, corolla, and androecium. Floral and seed morphology were analyzed in all genera. Phylogenetic analyses were made using a matrix of 91 characters coded for 102 taxa including all genera of Turneraceae and all series of Turnera. Our goals were: assessing the impact of morphology in the cladistic analyses of Turneraceae and comparing our results with those based on molecular datasets. Our analyses suggest that all genera are monophyletic. The inclusion of seed micromorphology in the analyses increased resolution within Turnera, the strict consensus tree shows four main clades, each gathering two or more current series.

Passifloraceae seeds from the late Eocene of Colombia

“…Malesherbioideae has small seeds, of 1.3 to 2.7 mm, with a globose shape; a ridged‐reticulate seed coat organized in vertical and horizontal tiers, and a prominent chalaza (Ricardi, 1967; Kubitzki, 2007). Turneroideae has small seeds, of approximately 1.2 to 5 mm long, elongated in shape and often curved with ridged‐reticulate or striate coats, and a prominent or inconspicuous chalaza (Arbo, 2007; Arbo et al, 2015; Fig. 5; Appendix S2).…”

Flora do Ceará: Turneraceae

“…Turnera inclui 143 espécies, a maior parte destas distribui-se desde o sul dos Estados Unidos até a Argentina, e apenas duas ocorrem na África (Arbo et al 2015) nectários, 1-1,2 mm diâm. Flores heterostilas; pedúnculo e pedicelo ausentes; bractéolas 3,5-5 mm compr., estreito-obovadas, ápice truncado, ligeiramente mucronado.…”

Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Turneraceae

“…Turnera é o gênero mais diverso da família, incluindo 143 espécies, cuja distribuição abrange desde o sul dos Estados Unidos até a Argentina, com duas espécies na África. No Brasil ocorrem 120 espécies, das quais 85 são endêmicas, associadas principalmente ao domínio do Cerrado (Arbo et al 2015;BFG 2015).…”