Passifloraceae seeds from the late Eocene of Colombia

Martínez, Camila

doi:10.3732/ajb.1700224

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Each layer had a different tissue type with hyaline, sclereid and/or palisade cells. In closing, we can see from this study that seed morphology is relevant both today (Crochemore et al, 2003) and in the study of the fossil record of passion fruits (Martinez, 2017). Seed coat structure is critical for survival of the species and their descriptors are often used along with above ground foliar and floral characteristics to characterize genetic diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Seed pitting in addition to seed shape was found to be a critical seed descriptor in our study. In the case of the Passifloraceae family's evolutionary record, seed coats have varied from fovealate (notable seed pitting), to coarsely foveolate, reticulate-foveolate or transversely grooved (Martinez, 2017). Seed lengths varied greatly from very short seeds (1.5 mm) to longer seeds (14 mm); although seed shape tended to be ovoid, obovoid to elliptic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed Structural Variability and Germination Capacity in Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis

2020

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Purple passion fruit, Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis, is an important semi-perennial, fruit bearing vine originating in South America that produces a commercial tropical juice pulp for international and national consumption. Within the round purple passion fruit are a large number of membranous seed sacs each containing individual seeds.Little is known about the seed anatomy of the commercial passion fruit, differences between wild collected and commercial types, and its effect on seedling germination. Therefore, our main objective for this study was to analyze the seed anatomy variability of different germplasm as well as the effect on viability and germination of the seeds of this species. Germplasm was evaluated from three sources: (1) commercial cultivars grown in current production areas, (2) genebank accession from the national seed bank, and (3) landraces collected across different high and mid-elevation sites of the Andean region. A total of 12 morphometric descriptors related to seed anatomy were evaluated on the 56 genotypes, of which three were most informative: Angle to the vertex which is related to the shape of the seed, the thickness of the tegument and the horizontal length; separating the seed according to its source of origin. Germination was found to be positively correlated with the number (r = 0.789) and depth (r = 0.854) of seed pitting. Seeds of the commercial cultivars had more seed pits and higher germination compared to seeds of landraces or genebank accessions showing a possible effect of domestication on the crop. Interestingly, passion fruits often germinate during the rainy season as escaped or wild seedlings especially in the disturbed landscapes of coffee plantations, so some dormancy is needed but faster germination is needed for intensive cultivation. Harnessing passion fruit diversity would be useful as the semi-domesticated landraces have valuable adaptation characteristics to combine with rapid germination selected in the commercial cultivars. The variability of seed pitting with cultivars more pitted than landraces possibly resulting in faster germination may indicate that purple passion fruit is still undergoing a process of selection and domestication for this trait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Structural Variability and Germination Capacity in Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis

2020

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“…surface of the seed coat. One other important diagnostic character for Passifloroideae, seed compression (Stevens, 2001 onward;Martínez, 2017;Hermsen, 2021), could not be definitively observed due to the incompleteness of the P. sulcatasperma seeds. It should be noted that the presence of ruminate endosperm formed by a palisade seed coat is apparently unique to Passifloroideae among angiosperms (Martínez, 2017; see also additional discussion by Hermsen, 2021).…”

Section: Measurements and Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coevolutionary relationship between Passiflora and heliconiine butterflies and the incredible diversity of Passiflora in the American tropics make these plants of special scientific interest. Nevertheless, the deeptime history of Passiflora-including the timing of its diversification and the routes by which two extant lineages separately reached the Asia-Oceania regionwould be better understood if the fossil record of the genus were more reliably documented (on fossil calibrations, see Kozak, 2016;Martínez, 2017; on biogeography, see Krosnick, 2006;Krosnick et al, 2013a).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pliocene seeds of Passiflora subgenus Decaloba (Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee) and the impact of the fossil record on understanding the diversification and biogeography of Passiflora

Hermsen

2023

American J of Botany

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Premise: Passiflora is a diverse genus of ~570 extant species primarily distributed in the Americas, from the eastern United States to Argentina and Chile. Nevertheless, the known fossil record of Passiflora is small. To date, only two fossil seed species have been unequivocally assigned to the genus. In this contribution, rare sulcate seeds from Gray Fossil Site are described as a third fossil seed species of Passiflora. Methods: Three partial seeds with sulcate sculpture from Gray Fossil Site, early Pliocene, Tennessee, USA, were examined, photographed, and measured. They were compared to samples of sulcate seeds from six extant Passiflora species in supersection Decaloba. A broader survey of sulcate seeds produced by modern species in the subgenera Decaloba, Deidamioides, and Tryphostemmatoides was done using published illustrations and descriptions. Results: The Gray Fossil Site seeds are described as Passiflora sulcatasperma, sp. nov., and assigned to subgenus Decaloba, supersection Decaloba. They are characterized by their small size, elliptical shape, ridged-and-sulcate sculpture, rugulose ridges, and thin palisade seed coat. Conclusions: The two largest subgenera of Passiflora can be identified from Neogene fossils. Subgenus Decaloba is represented by two fossil seed species, P. bulgarica (Miocene, Bulgaria) and P. sulcatasperma (Pliocene, USA). Subgenus Passiflora is represented by fossil pollen (Miocene, Argentina and Brazil) and P. appalachiana seeds (Pliocene, USA). The distributions of fossil and modern species suggest that Passiflora may have used both North Atlantic and Antarctic routes to expand into Europe and the Asian-Oceanian Paleotropics, respectively.

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Paleoclimatic and paleoecological reconstruction of a middle to late Eocene South American tropical dry forest

Martínez

Jaramillo

Martínez-Murcia

et al. 2021

Global and Planetary Change

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Passifloraceae seeds from the late Eocene of Colombia

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Seed Structural Variability and Germination Capacity in Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis

Seed Structural Variability and Germination Capacity in Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis

Pliocene seeds of Passiflora subgenus Decaloba (Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee) and the impact of the fossil record on understanding the diversification and biogeography of Passiflora

Paleoclimatic and paleoecological reconstruction of a middle to late Eocene South American tropical dry forest

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