Phenology and long-term control of Heracleum mantegazzianum

Caffrey, J. M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_31

Cited by 16 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Table 5 ANOVA tables for regeneration treatments of Experiment 1 (L0-F100, L50-F100, L100-F100, All, Control), combining removal of 0, 50 and 100% of leaves (L0, L50, L100) with removal of all flowering umbels (F100), and the treatment that completely removed the whole plant, including rosette (All) Fruit numbers, total fruit weights, mean fruit weights and final germination percentage are one-way fixed effect factorial ANOVAs, germination rate is survival analysis *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001; NS = not significant This brief overview indicates that only one study touched the viability of seed from regenerating plants (Tiley and Philp 1997), but with insufficient experimental detail. In the same vein, only one study considered two different times of treatment applications (Caffrey 1999) but only assessed the quality of seed by measuring seed size. Since the timing of any treatment is crucial for the success of control schemes, and the quality of seed cannot be properly evaluated without recording their germination percentage and rate, the present study is the first providing solid background and guidance to efforts to eradicate H. mantegazzianum via constraining its generative reproduction in infested sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when the treatment was repeated on the same plants, they were again able to produce flowers for a third time but fruits were no longer produced. Caffrey (1999) also studied the role of timing in an Irish populations of H. mantegazzianum; plants were cut at ground level in March and May and height of regenerated plants and the number of fruit they produced was recorded. The same treatment applied at a later phenological stage resulted in the production of smaller fruits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single plant is capable of producing a large quantity of fruit and estimates range from 5000 to more than 100,000 per plant (Pyšek et al 1995;Tiley et al 1996); the maximum value reported is 107,984 fruits per plant (Caffrey 1999). From the study area of Slavkovský les, Perglová et al (2006) found a mean (n = 100) fecundity of 20,500 fruits per plant, with almost half of them produced on the terminal umbel.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Timing and extent of tissue removal affect reproduction characteristics of an invasive species Heracleum mantegazzianum

et al. 2006

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Response of the invasive speciesHeracleum mantegazzianum to experimental removal of tissues was studied in the Czech Republic. The study aimed at determining (i) how efficiently plants respond, in terms of quantity and quality of produced fruit, to the removal of different amounts of generative and/or vegetative tissues; and (ii) whether regeneration ability depends on the time of treatment. Total number of fruits and their mean weight were reduced by removal of leaves, but germination percentage and rate of germination did not differ from control. More vigorous individuals compensated for the loss of tissues to a higher degree, and the advantage of being larger increased with severity of the treatment. Of 40 plants with umbels completely removed, 18 (45.0%) regenerated and produced on average 103.4 ± 220.1 (mean ± SD) fruits. Total fruit numbers and total fruit weight of regenerating plants significantly differed neither among treatments nor from the control, but some treatments resulted in poorer germination compared to the control. Umbels removed from plants at the beginning of fruit development and left at the locality produced 18.6% of fruit numbers of control plants, and 24% of these seeds germinated. Control by removing umbels from plants must ensure that they are collected and destroyed. From the management viewpoint, there is a trade-off between later umbel removal, resulting in more efficient reduction in fecundity but necessity to handle more developed fruits, and early treatment, leading to a high regeneration, that produces seed of sufficient quantity and very little affected in terms of quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Timing and extent of tissue removal affect reproduction characteristics of an invasive species Heracleum mantegazzianum

et al. 2006

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“…Significant differences after sequential Bonferroni correction for seven tests (p < 0.0071) in bold Table 5. pH and concentrations of plant available soil phosphorus (P, mg 100 g -1 soil), potassium (K, mg 100 g -1 soil), and magnesium (Mg, mg 100 g -1 soil), total nitrogen (Nt, %) and carbon (Ct, %) and the Ct: Nt ratio of dense and open stands of Heracleum mantegazzianum Population life-cycle and stand structure 809 population viability (Caffrey 1999). Additionally, the management of fecundity in dense stands is time consuming and involves a health risk for untrained personnel, and after-ripening of the seeds and resprouting of basal umbels after treatment will further jeopardise the success of this management (Nielsen et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sink populations that depend on support by source stands, or represent the invading front for further spread. Current management of H. mantegazzianum primarily focuses on dominant stands (Caffrey 1999;Nielsen et al 2005). Therefore the aims of the present study were to analyse variation of the life-cycle between dense and open stands using matrix models, and to identify morphological traits and environmental conditions related to life-cycle variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population life-cycle and stand structure in dense and open stands of the introduced tall herb Heracleum mantegazzianum

2007

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Populations of the introduced Heracleum mantegazzianum consist of dense central stands, which gradually give way to open stands towards the margins. To analyse whether open stands are due to unsuitable conditions or represent the invading front for further spread, we studied life-cycle, population dynamics, stand structure and soil conditions of open and dense stands over two transition periods. Populations decreased during the first interval but increased after the extremely dry and warm summer of 2003 during the second interval. Open stands had shorter generation times, lower height, smaller proportions of small individuals and were less in equilibrium with the environment than dense stands. In open stands, growth to higher stages was most important, while in dense stands delayed development (self-loops) had a strong effect on population growth; stasis and fecundity contributed most to the difference in k between stand types. By petiole extension H. mantegazzianum may raise its leaves just above the resident vegetation. Therefore, younger stages develop faster in open stands, whereas strong competition by conspecific adults leads to longer generation times and a higher proportion of small individuals in dense stands. Disturbance due to extreme climatic conditions in summer 2003 equalised population dynamics of both stand types. Lifecycle variation between stand types makes it difficult to infer simple management rules. However, our data suggest that small and/or open stands of H. mantegazzianum may eventually serve as initials for further spread after land-use changes, whereas dense stands are stable and may represent sources of propagules.

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Similarities in the impact of three large invasive plant species on soil seed bank communities

Gioria

Osborne

2009

Biol Invasions

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Invasions by alien plant species may substantially alter soil seed bank communities. While decreases in seed bank species richness, diversity, and composition as a consequence of plant invasions have been reported, the characteristics of seed banks associated with different invasive species have not been compared in any detail. Here, we describe changes in the characteristics of soil seed banks invaded by three large herbaceous invasive plants, Fallopia japonica, Gunnera tinctoria, and Heracleum mantegazzianum. The study was carried out at the spatial scales of site and plot, to reduce variability in seed bank data. Information on seed bank persistence was inferred from seed depth (0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm) and from time of sampling (May and October). Despite differences in the reproductive strategy and geographic distribution of these invaders, as well as in the standing vegetation and habitat types examined, the seed banks of invaded areas were similar in composition and in the relative abundance of different species. Invaded seed banks were dominated by seeds of a few agricultural weed species and/or rushes, suggesting that common features of the invaders, including a large standing biomass, extensive litter production, and the formation of monospecies stands may result in comparable selection pressures that favors traits that are largely genera or species-specific. These findings have a direct relevance for the development of strategies aimed at restoring previously-invaded sites while also improving our understanding of the long-term implications of plant invasions.

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Phenology and long-term control of Heracleum mantegazzianum

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Timing and extent of tissue removal affect reproduction characteristics of an invasive species Heracleum mantegazzianum

Timing and extent of tissue removal affect reproduction characteristics of an invasive species Heracleum mantegazzianum

Population life-cycle and stand structure in dense and open stands of the introduced tall herb Heracleum mantegazzianum

Similarities in the impact of three large invasive plant species on soil seed bank communities

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