Phenolic compounds of apple cultivars resistant or susceptible to<i>Venturia inaequalis</i>

Type 2 diabetes is an epidemic in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this research was to evaluate the synergistic health benefits of apple cider and blueberry juice combinations for relevance in the potential management of early stages type 2 diabetes using in vitro assays. Inhibitory activity of a-amylase, a-glucosidase and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) in the juice combinations were analyzed and correlated with the total soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activity. While the total soluble phenolic content increased with the increasing blueberry juice proportion in the juice combinations, the ACE inhibitory activity decreased. The antioxidant activity was maintained at its maximum level (50-70%) in all combinations. High a-glucosidase inhibitory activity was positively correlated with the total soluble phenolic content. A combination of 80% apple cider and 20% whole blueberry juice had optimum anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hypertension properties based on in vitro assays. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSApple cider and blueberry juice combination was investigated as a strategy to explore the potential health benefits for the management of hyperglycemia and hypertension associated with early stage type 2 diabetes using in vitro assays. Beverage system with high soluble phenolic phytochemicals potentially provides a higher dose of daily intake of each fruit. The presence of various phenolic bioactives in apple cider and whole blueberry juice, supported with high total soluble phenolic content, antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity a-amylase, aglucosidase and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme indicated an improvement of each fruit's functionalities through a synergistic interaction. This research resulted in the optimization of apple cider and blueberry juice combinations and could provide biochemical rationale to further improve the bioactive functionality. This synergistic whole food design may also offer effective, safe and inexpensive strategy for the management of diet-linked chronic noncommunicable diseases such as early stages of hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes.

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“…Arici et al . () and Donno et al . (2012) also reported similar range of phenolic concentrations in different apple cultivars.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Apple and Blueberry Synergies for Designing Bioactive Ingredients for the Management of Early Stages of Type 2 Diabetes

Agustinah

Sarkar

Woods

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Quality

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“…Wint., has proven that the changes in phenolic compounds and enzymes between susceptible and resistant apple fruit cultivars are especially evident in the content of flavanols, phloridzin and hydroxycinnamic acids. Resistant apple cultivars have a higher content of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols compared with susceptible apple cultivars (Arici et al, 2014). A good correlation between level of phenolic in the leaves and resistance to pathogen attack was reported by Hassan et al (2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Biochemical Compounds From Apricot Leaves Involved in Resistance to Monilinia Spp.

Petrişor

Dumitru

Zaharia

et al. 2021

Rom. J. Plant. Prot.

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"Brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa is an important fungal disease of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) causing economical losses in different growing areas in Europe. M. laxa induces great damage in apricot, attacking flowers, leaves, stem, branches and fruits. The damage severity is strictly related to the climate conditions and several fungicide treatments are often necessary in order to limit the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the content of pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids), total polyphenols, peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase in the leaves of the different apricot varieties. All these parameters were chosen taking in account their involvement in plant disease resistance. Concerning to chlorophylls and carotenoids level, less amounts were recorded in the leaves collected from the all symptomatic apricot varieties studied. Activities of peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase and total polyphenols were increased in the apricot samples affected by M. laxa compared with the healthy ones. Among the analyzed cultivars, Dacia, Litoral and Favorit showed a great tolerance to M. laxa. The genotypes like Carmela and Viorica showed different susceptibility. IN RESISTANCE TO MONILINIA SPP."

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“…Phenolic compounds are proposed to play a protective role in the interaction of plants with biotic and abiotic environments (Arici et al, 2014). Also, these are associated with human health benefits due to their antioxidant capacity, e.g., phenolic acids as neochlorogenic acid and flavonoids as anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Upgraded, Highly Saturated Linkage Map of Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), and Identification of a New Major Locus Controlling the Flavan-3-ol Composition in Fruits

et al. 2022

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Japanese plum fruits are rich in phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols, whose contents vary significantly among cultivars. Catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC) are flavan-3-ol monomers described in the fruits of this species and are associated with bitterness, astringency, antioxidant capacity, and susceptibility to enzymatic mesocarp browning. In this study, we aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the content of flavan-3-ol in Japanese plum fruits. We evaluated the content of C and EC in the mesocarp and exocarp of samples from 79 and 64 seedlings of an F1 progeny (<‘98–99’ × ‘Angeleno’>) in the first and second seasons, respectively. We also constructed improved versions of linkage maps from ‘98–99’ and ‘Angeleno,’ presently called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after mapping the already available GBS reads to Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. ‘Sanyueli’ v2.0 reference genome. These data allowed for describing a cluster of QTLs in the cultivar, ‘Angeleno,’ associated with the flavan-3-ol composition of mesocarp and exocarp, which explain up to 100% of the C/EC ratio. Additionally, we developed a C/EC metabolic marker, which was mapped between the markers with the highest log of odds (LOD) scores detected by the QTL analysis. The C/EC locus was located in the LG1, at an interval spanning 0.70 cM at 108.30–108.90 cM. Our results suggest the presence of a novel major gene controlling the preferential synthesis of C or EC in the Japanese plum fruits. This study is a significant advance in understanding the regulation of synthesizing compounds associated with fruit quality, postharvest, and human health promotion.

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Phenolic compounds of apple cultivars resistant or susceptible toVenturia inaequalis

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Apple and Blueberry Synergies for Designing Bioactive Ingredients for the Management of Early Stages of Type 2 Diabetes

Apple and Blueberry Synergies for Designing Bioactive Ingredients for the Management of Early Stages of Type 2 Diabetes

Biochemical Compounds From Apricot Leaves Involved in Resistance to Monilinia Spp.

An Upgraded, Highly Saturated Linkage Map of Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), and Identification of a New Major Locus Controlling the Flavan-3-ol Composition in Fruits

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