Type 2 diabetes is an epidemic in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this research was to evaluate the synergistic health benefits of apple cider and blueberry juice combinations for relevance in the potential management of early stages type 2 diabetes using in vitro assays. Inhibitory activity of a-amylase, a-glucosidase and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) in the juice combinations were analyzed and correlated with the total soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activity. While the total soluble phenolic content increased with the increasing blueberry juice proportion in the juice combinations, the ACE inhibitory activity decreased. The antioxidant activity was maintained at its maximum level (50-70%) in all combinations. High a-glucosidase inhibitory activity was positively correlated with the total soluble phenolic content. A combination of 80% apple cider and 20% whole blueberry juice had optimum anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hypertension properties based on in vitro assays. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSApple cider and blueberry juice combination was investigated as a strategy to explore the potential health benefits for the management of hyperglycemia and hypertension associated with early stage type 2 diabetes using in vitro assays. Beverage system with high soluble phenolic phytochemicals potentially provides a higher dose of daily intake of each fruit. The presence of various phenolic bioactives in apple cider and whole blueberry juice, supported with high total soluble phenolic content, antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity a-amylase, aglucosidase and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme indicated an improvement of each fruit's functionalities through a synergistic interaction. This research resulted in the optimization of apple cider and blueberry juice combinations and could provide biochemical rationale to further improve the bioactive functionality. This synergistic whole food design may also offer effective, safe and inexpensive strategy for the management of diet-linked chronic noncommunicable diseases such as early stages of hyperglycemia associated with type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND: Higher consumption of phenolic-antioxidant rich berries have been associated with lower risks of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. In order to target for diet-based therapy it is important to screen and evaluate the right cultivars of berries with optimum phenolic antioxidants and associated anti-hyperglycemic functions. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to screen different rabbit-eye blueberry cultivars extracted in water and ethanol for their phenolic antioxidant-linked anti-diabetic properties using in vitro assays. Further impact of cultivars, growing seasons, and locations on targeted human health relevant bioactive profiles were also evaluated. METHODS: Water and ethanol extracts of five rabbit-eye blueberry cultivars from two different locations and from two different growing seasons were evaluated for phenolic acids profile, total soluble phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, ␣-amylase, ␣-glucosidase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities using model in vitro assays. RESULTS: Significant variations in phenolic antioxidant-linked anti-hyperglycemic functions were observed due to differences in genotypes, growing seasons, and locations. High phenolic antioxidant-linked anti-hyperglycemic functions were observed in Tiffblue, Brightwell, and Primier rabbit-eye blueberry cultivars and indicated anti-diabetic potential. CONCLUSION: Genotype × environment interactions are most critical factors which determined in vitro anti-diabetic relevant functionalities of blueberry bioactives.
Designing an outreach program concerning food fermentation for nonscience participants offers an opportunity to introduce the basic principles of microbiology and their application in food preservation. This program can be adapted to microbiology courses at the undergraduate level to help students understand the concept of food fermentation and its process control. Yogurt is a type of fermented milk that is commercially available in Indonesia. While yogurt fermentation is usually performed in a closed fermenter in an aseptically controlled room, yogurt can also be made at home using lactic acid bacteria culture starters, such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus , and applying proper hygiene and sanitation procedures. Yogurt making requires not only appropriate ingredients but also an understanding of the microbiological concepts of yogurt fermentation in order to enable control and modification of the fermentation process so that the end product is safe to consume. Through this activity, we provided training to residents from a nonscience background in Bogor, Indonesia, for simple and feasible homemade yogurt production using a variety of milk substrates and sources of starter culture. All participants prepared the ingredients and sanitized kitchen equipment, performed the yogurt fermentation process, and evaluated the product’s sensory properties. Participants were challenged to explore the differences among various yogurt batches. This activity can be completed in two days, and the recipe could be modified once the participants have understood the concept of yogurt fermentation.
COVID-19, a source of distress in most countries, has encouraged world leaders to issue necessary policies to resolve this global pandemic. An alarming rate of infections in the community has pushed the Indonesian government to come up with the Large-Scale Social Restriction (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar/PSBB). The faculty of Biotechnology of Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia has since initiated a community service to halt the spread of COVID-19 by supplying simple hand washing facilities around Pasar Genteng Traditional market in Suradita, Cisauk. Prior to the installations, the traditional market lacked proper sanitizing facilities. Clean water sources such as taps are commonly situated far away from the marketplace. Traders and visitors crowd these areas each day, exponentially increasing the risk of spreading COVID-19. The crowded populations of the traditional market are a motivating factor for this community service, which aims to increase the public awareness in the prevention of COVID-19. Activities of this community service includes installations of hand washing facilities along with educational infographics of proper sanitizing procedures. A total of 21 participants attended the community service while maintaining physical distancing conditions and were encouraged to use the hand wash facilities at the end of the service. The community service was successful, providing impactful benefits towards the traders and visitors, with a raised community awareness of the importance of personal hygiene. The facilities are well maintained after 4 weeks and exemplary community awareness is displayed from their initiative that showed from the monitoring and evaluation results. ABSTRAK:COVID-19, yang merupakan sumber penyebab keresahan berbagai negara di dunia telah menyebabkan pemerintah dunia mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk mengatasi pandemi yang terjadi secara global ini. Data di Indonesia menunjukkan angka terinfeksi yang terus meningkat sehingga pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan berupa Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Oleh karena itu, Fakultas Teknobiologi Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya berinisiatif melakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat untuk menghambat tingkat penyebaran COVID-19 melalui penyediaan sarana cuci tangan sederhana di Pasar Genteng. Pasar tradisional ini terletak di kompleks Suradita, Cisauk. Sebelum kegiatan pemasangan, pasar ini kekurangan fasilitas sanitasi yang layak. Sumber air bersih seperti air sumur terletak jauh dari pasar dan belum ada akses air ledeng. Setiap hari pedagang dan pengunjung memadati pasar sehingga meningkatkan risiko penyebaran COVID-19. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini difokuskan pada pembuatan dan pemasangan fasilitas cuci tangan sederhana yang dilengkapi dengan infografis tentang cara mencuci tangan yang benar serta pembagian masker kain. Serah terima perangkat cuci tangan dan acara pembukaan dihadiri oleh 21 orang peserta dengan tetap memperhatikan protokol kesehatan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat melalui penyediaan sarana cuci tangan sederhana di Pasar Genteng, Cisauk telah berlangsung dengan baik dan dirasakan manfaatnya oleh para pedagang dan pengunjung pasar. Sarana cuci tangan sederhana ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga kebersihan diri dalam rangka pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19. Sarana cuci tangan tersebut masih dalam kondisi baik setelah empat minggu dan kesadaran masyarakat juga cukup baik yang terlihat dari hasil monitoring dan evaluasi.
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