Grapevine yellows are a group of infectious diseases, which are usually associated with phytoplasma pathogens, affecting quality of grapes and survival of grapevine. The objective of this work was to evaluate sugars, total phenols and organic acids concentrations in the grapes of four wine cultivars (Fetească Neagră, Pinot Noir, Traminer rose, Chardonnay) healthy and affected by specific symptoms to phytoplasmoses. Berry samples were collected from the Miniș-Măderat (Arad County) and Odobești (Vrancea County) vineyards. Individual sugars and organic acids compounds were identified and quantified in grape berries by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using DAD and RID detectors, while total phenolic compounds by using spectrophotometry. The content and composition of sugars and acids varied between healthy and symptomatic plants. Analysis of grape juice revealed reduction in sugars (fructose and glucose) from symptomatic to non-symptomatic vines. Lower values of acidity were obtained in grapes of affected compared to non-affected vines. The differences in acids content between grapes of affected and not affected vines were more pronounced at Pinot Noir variety, with lower concentrations of malic and tartaric acids in grapes from symptomatic vines in both locations studied. The affected grapes did not differ significantly from the healthy ones, regarding to succinic acid content. A notable increase of total phenolic compounds was observed in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic grape berries. The results of this paper showed a clear negative effect of the phytoplasmoses symptoms on grape fruits composition.
Different isolates of Trichoderma are able to produce metabolites which induce some morphological and physiological changes in plant such as enhanced plant growth and response to plant pathogens or reduced plant stress. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of some Trichoderma isolates on plant growth promoting and physiological parameters of tomato plants. Also, the Trichoderma isolates were assessed based on IAA (indole 3-acetic acid) production and ability to solubilize phosphate, traits associated to growth. Tomato seed treatment with Trichoderma isolates led to a significant increase in plant height as well as root length and root fresh/ dry weight. However, metabolite production varied among isolates and depends on the isolate. Our data indicated that three of the Trichoderma isolates studied increase leaf pigments content and improve the photosynthetic activity of tomato plants.
The adaptive capacity of different fruit tree cultivars to soil types and climatic conditions it is decisive for establishing differences between genotypes regarding to growth, yield and quality and the right choice of varieties for cultivation. The objective of this study was to determine influence of different soil type on apple yield and quality. To investigate the variation in fruit quality, apples were harvested at commercial maturity on two different soil type.The investigations was conducted in experimental apple orchards located in Focsani region on two different soil type: luvic brown typical and luvic brown pseudogleyic. Fruits of Jonathan and Golden Delicios cultivars were tested for color, soluble solids content, total acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins content and chlorophyls content with specific analytical methods.At harvest yield, dry matter, soluble solids content, ascorbic acid and acidity were affected by soil type. In this study, no significant soil effect was found on color, anthocyanins and chlorophyll fruit content.The results obtained in this study suggest that luvic brown pseudogleizate soil leading to increased yields and enhanced fruit quality.
Maize plants are often exposed to unfavourable environmental conditions - abiotic factors which limits their development and productivity. Priming of seeds pre-sowing is a low cost, low risk and very simple method for the farmers to improve germination, seedling emergence, growth and yield of plants especially under adverse environmental conditions. The present study revealed effects of different seed priming treatments on proline, total phenols, carbohydrates, chlorophylls and carotenoids content and antioxidant enzyme activities of maize leaves. The results showed that priming with basil oil, CaCl2 and SA increased chlorophylls and carotenoids content improved tolerance to abiotic stress of maize plants. However only seeds treatment with SA and CaCl2 increased activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POX and PPO). These effects were significantly positively correlated with the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars, which can alleviate oxidative membrane damage increased stress tolerance of maize plants. The results suggest that SA and calcium chloride application enhanced stress tolerance in maize plants and could be involved in the scavenging of ROS by increasing SOD and CAT activities. The study revealed that pre-sowing seeds treatments can be successfully used to improve the performance of different maize cultivars/hybrids by increasing the physiological resistance to abiotic stresses.
"Brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa is an important fungal disease of apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
causing economical losses in different growing areas in Europe. M. laxa induces great damage in apricot, attacking
flowers, leaves, stem, branches and fruits. The damage severity is strictly related to the climate conditions and
several fungicide treatments are often necessary in order to limit the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was
to investigate the changes in the content of pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids), total polyphenols, peroxidase,
catalase, polyphenol oxidase in the leaves of the different apricot varieties. All these parameters were chosen
taking in account their involvement in plant disease resistance. Concerning to chlorophylls and carotenoids level,
less amounts were recorded in the leaves collected from the all symptomatic apricot varieties studied. Activities
of peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase and total polyphenols were increased in the apricot samples
affected by M. laxa compared with the healthy ones. Among the analyzed cultivars, Dacia, Litoral and Favorit
showed a great tolerance to M. laxa. The genotypes like Carmela and Viorica showed different susceptibility.
IN RESISTANCE TO MONILINIA SPP."
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