Pharmacokinetics of minocycline in crucian carp (Carassius auratus ) after intravenous and oral administration

Abstract

The pharmacokinetic of minocycline was studied after a single intravenous as well as oral dose (5 mg/kg body weight) in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) reared in freshwater at 10°C. Plasma samples were randomly collected from six fish at each sampling time. Plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and further subjected to noncompartmental analysis. Initial concentration of minocycline just after intravenous administration was calculated as 7.320 lg/ml, while the other parameters after intravenous injection were determined as flows: apparent elimination rate constant (k z ) of 0.064 per hr, apparent elimination half-life (t 1=2kz ) of 10.82 hr, total body clearance (Cl) of 142.72 ml/hr/kg, volume of distribution (Vz) of 2,227.38 ml/kg and volume of distribution at steadystate (Vss) of 1,937.08 ml/kg. While after oral administration, the k z , t 1=2kz , mean absorption time (MAT), absorption half-life (t 1/2ka ) and bioavailability were determined as 0.059 per hr, 11.74, 5.55, 3.84 hr, and 81.98%, respectively, and the peak concentration was observed as 1.474 AE 0.362 lg/ml at 8 hr. It was shown that minocycline was slowly but relatively completely absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in crucian carp. Based on the ratios of AUC 0-24 hr /MIC90, a minocycline dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight administered intravenously or orally would be only effective to successfully treat crucian carp infected by bacterium with MIC values ≤0.25 lg/ml. K E Y W O R D S bioavailability, crucian carp, minocycline, oral administration, pharmacokinetic wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/are Aquaculture Research. 2018;49:2782-2787.

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“…It was assessed that MINO was well distributed throughout the body. This was in accordance with the values found in other species, such as crucian carp, cats, foals and horse (Tynan, Papich, Kerl, & Cohn, 2016;Giguère, Burton, Berghaus, &Haspel, 2017;Yang et al, 2018). Since the bacteria were generally located in the skin and muscle, the distribution characteristic was considered as an advantage of MINO.…”

“…These results was in accordance with the research of difloxacin, marbofloxacin and albendazole sulfoxide in crucian carp (Fangke et al, 2006;Yanlei et al, 2009;Li et al, 2012a) and oxalinic acid in rainbow trout (Coyne et al, 2005) Some studies have been performed with MINO in crucian carp. Tissue distribution studies in crucian carp given a 5mg/kg intravenous dose of MINO showed that the drug penetrated most tissue very well, much like other tetracycline (Yang et al, 2018). MINO residues were detected in the tissue of the carp.…”

“…Temperature played an important role in the absorption rate of MINO. The Ka of MINO in carp is more rapidly than that in horse, goat and crucian carp after oral administration (Alfouzanet al, 2017;Giguère, Burton, Berghaus, &Haspel, 2017;Yang et al, 2018). Nagata (2010) studied the pharmacokinetics of MINO in horse after injected administration (Nagata et al, 2010).…”

“…Chemotherapy is widely used to control bacterial infection. Now HCL-MINO is also gradually used to control fish diseases (Yang et al, 2018). So HCL-MINO would have a good prospect of application and market.…”

“…In order to guide the use of HCL-MINO for the treatment of fish disease in the farming of carp, information was needed on the pharmacokinetics in carp. The data is only on the pharmacokinetics of HCL-MINO in crucian carp (Yang et al, 2018). Nevertheless, no date on carp, especially at different water temperatures.…”