Personalized Medicine: The Future of Health Care

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Most medical treatments have been designed for the "average patients." As a result of this "one-size-fits-all-approach," treatments can be very successful for some patients but not for others. The issue is shifted by the new innovation approach in diseases treatment and prevention, precision medicine, which takes into account individual differences in people's genes, environments, and lifestyles. This review was aimed to describe a new approach of healthcare performance strategy based on individual genetic variants. CONTENT:Researchers have discovered hundreds of genes that harbor variations contributing to human illness, identified genetic variability in patients' responses to different of treatments, and from there begun to target the Abstract R E V I E W A R T I C L Egenes as molecular causes of diseases. In addition, scientists are developing and using diagnostic tests based on genetics or other molecular mechanisms to better predict patients' responses to targeted therapy. SUMMARY:Personalized medicine seeks to use advances in knowledge about genetic factors and biological mechanisms of disease coupled with unique considerations of an individual's patient care needs to make healthcare more safe and effective. As a result of these contributions to improvement in the quality of care, personalized medicine represents a key strategy of healthcare reform.

Risk Assessment in Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Family by Using APC and MSH2 mRNA Gene Expression and Bayesian Analysis

“…Personalized medicine trying to promote in knowledge about genetic factors and biological mechanisms of disease coupled with unique considerations of an individual's patient care needs to make health care safer and more effective. (24) Our four CRC patients were evaluated for recurrence risk of family colon cancer by Bayesian analysis (pedigree history, age, APC and MSH2 RNA PCR analysis). Patient A, a 67 year-old male ( Figure 1A), had delayed onset of hereditary CRC.…”

A Review on Personalized Therapies

“…As your eye scans the alphabet to know a sentence and read them, in a similar fashion these machines "learn" the sequence of bases present in DNA. [7] Fig 3A : The sequence of DNA translated from the alphabetical chemical alphabet to our written alphabet may appear. Therefore, in this sector of DNA, adenine (A) is followed by guanine (G), guanine (G) is followed by thymine (T), which is followed by cytosine (C) and so on continuously.…”

Advanced technologies in the modern era for augmented patient health care and drug delivery

“…[13] At present, personalized medication is mainly applied in the following areas for prediction, diagnostics, therapeutics (including outcome evaluation) and drug development. [14] Also, they have a great impact on customized drug delivery system. Personal genomics connect genotype to phenotype and provide insight into disease.…”

“…Pharmacogenomics connect genotype to patient specified treatment. [14] It helps identify the best treatment for an individual, thus effectively tailoring and customizing treatment for each one by their gene's information. In many diseases, precision medicine depends on molecular biomarkers, molecular events that relate to response of the treatment and clinical outcome but not necessarily cautious to the disease.…”