Personalized and not general suggestion produces false autobiographical memories and suggestion-consistent behavior

Scoboria, Alan; Mazzoni, Giuliana; Jarry, Josée L.; Bernstein, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.10.008

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Typically ‘Believers’ reported an increase on the autobiographical belief scale that ranged from 1 to 2 points, remaining below the scale midpoint, for an event at a theme park (Berkowitz, Laney, Morris, Garry, & Loftus, 2008) to 3–5 points, increasing beyond the scale midpoint, for food‐related events (D. M. Bernstein et al, 2005a, 2005b; Laney et al, 2008; Laney et al, 2008; Scoboria, Mazzoni, Jarry, & Bernstein, 2012). In some cases, belief ratings recorded by ‘Believers’ after false feedback were as high as 6.48 on the 8‐point scale (Laney et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some included ‘memory’ scales as well as ‘belief’ scales at pre‐test and post‐test (Table 1): Of these, two datasets indicated a significant increase with false feedback (Scoboria et al, 2012; Sharman & Calacouris, 2010) and two did not (Scoboria, Lynn, Hessen, & Fisico, 2007, Studies 1 and 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data, shown in Table 3, reveal a wide range of different outcomes: Across five datasets, the proportion of participants ‘remembering’ ranged from 2% to 30%. All the datasets with higher rates of ‘remembering’ involved experiences with foods (Laney et al, 2008, Studies 1 and 2; Laney et al, 2008; Scoboria et al, 2012, 2012). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This proportion reached 40% in a study suggesting being sick after drinking alcohol (Clifasefi et al, 2013) and 20–50% in studies involving like or dislike of asparagus (Laney et al, 2008; Laney et al, 2008). A study that provided personalised false feedback suggesting that the participant had been sick on peach yoghourt reported that 20% of this group ‘remembered’ the event with their mean scores on a recollective experience scale reaching 6.82 out of 8 (Scoboria et al, 2012). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the known difficulty participants have in interpreting questions about memory (Ost et al, 2008; Sjöden, Granhag, Ost, & Roos af Hjelmsäter, 2009; Smeets et al, 2006; Smeets et al, 2009), it would probably be premature to estimate the number of full autobiographical memories and to distinguish these from actual experiences, for example, of eating asparagus or yoghourt. It is interesting that despite these uncertainties, a number of the studies succeeded in bringing about small behavioural changes in their participants, for example, changing the amount of available food consumed in the laboratory (Scoboria, Mazzoni, & Jarry, 2008; Scoboria et al, 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Brewin

Andrews

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

104

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SummaryUsing a framework that distinguishes autobiographical belief, recollective experience, and confidence in memory, we review three major paradigms used to suggest false childhood events to adults: imagination inflation, false feedback and memory implantation. Imagination inflation and false feedback studies increase the belief that a suggested event occurred by a small amount such that events are still thought unlikely to have happened. In memory implantation studies, some recollective experience for the suggested events is induced on average in 47% of participants, but only in 15% are these experiences likely to be rated as full memories. We conclude that susceptibility to false memories of childhood events appears more limited than has been suggested. The data emphasise the complex judgements involved in distinguishing real from imaginary recollections and caution against accepting investigator‐based ratings as necessarily corresponding to participants' self‐reports. Recommendations are made for presenting the results of these studies in courtroom settings. © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Brewin

Andrews

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

104

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Public Attitudes on the Ethics of Deceptively Planting False Memories to Motivate Healthy Behavior

Nash

Berkowitz

Roche

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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SummaryResearchers have proposed that planting false memories could have positive behavioral consequences. The idea of deceptively planting ‘beneficial’ false memories outside of the laboratory raises important ethical questions, but how might the general public appraise this moral dilemma? In two studies, participants from the USA and UK read about a fictional ‘false‐memory therapy’ that led people to adopt healthy behaviors. Participants then reported their attitudes toward the acceptability of this therapy, via scale‐rating (both studies) and open‐text (study 2) responses. The data revealed highly divergent responses to this contentious issue, ranging from abject horror to unqualified enthusiasm. Moreover, the responses shed light on conditions that participants believed would make the therapy less or more ethical. Whether or not deceptively planting memories outside the lab could ever be justifiable, these studies add valuable evidence to scientific and societal debates on neuroethics, whose relevance to memory science is increasingly acute. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Induction of false beliefs and false memories in laboratory studies—A systematic review

Muschalla

Schönborn

2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Psychological interventions often use guided discovery and other techniques for diagnostic exploration and intervention planning. This way, memories may arise in the person, which may be true or false. False memories of earlier events can be harmful and result in real suffering, similar to actual traumatic memories. Based on cognitive psychological and psycho‐traumatological findings, there is pronounced dissent in the academic disciplines regarding the conceptualization, relevance and research of false memories. This review contributes to the basic question of how often false beliefs and false memories may be induced within the frame of different interactional techniques. A systematic review has been conducted of 59 articles from (quasi‐)experimental studies and two qualitative sources from 30 data bases. Three main methods of memory induction provide the basis for reporting: imagination inflation, false feedback, and memory implantation. Due to the conceptual and methodological diversity of the studies, the results appear to be heterogeneous. Free and guided imagery, as well as suggestive statements, could induce false beliefs or false memories in, on average, 20%–50% of the participants who underwent experimental manipulation concerning false past events. A false belief induction may occur after dream interpretation or hypnosis in more than 50% of participants. Personalized suggestion is more effective in inducing memory than the general plausibility of the suggested events. Further research questions are which therapeutic actions seem appropriate in cases of harmful false memories. This depends not only on whether there are veridical elements in the false memory but also on the quality and meaning of the memory for the person's life and ability to cope with burdens.

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Personalized and not general suggestion produces false autobiographical memories and suggestion-consistent behavior

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Creating Memories for False Autobiographical Events in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Public Attitudes on the Ethics of Deceptively Planting False Memories to Motivate Healthy Behavior

Induction of false beliefs and false memories in laboratory studies—A systematic review

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