Peripartum Liver Triglyceride and Plasma Metabolites In Dairy Cows

Vázquez-Añón, M.; Bertics, S.J.; Luck, M. S.; Grummer, R. H.; Pinheiro, José

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77092-2

Cited by 234 publications

(181 citation statements)

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“…Hypoglycaemia determined in ketotic cows is explained as a decreased degree of gluconeogenesis in liver (fatty liver). Namely, the lipid infiltration of liver cells in cows in early lactation results in a significant decrease of its functional ability of glucose and glycogen synthesis (Gröhn 1985;Veenhuizen et al 1991;Vázquez-Añón et al 1994;Codorniga-Valino et al 1997;Constable 2000). The statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in blood insulin values in healthy and ketotic cows after the infusion of the propionate solution within 120 min of the test period compared to the starting values shows the ability of propionate to influence the synthesis and release of insulin from beta cells of endocrine pancreas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Blood Values of Glucose, Insulin and Inorganic Phosphorus in Healthy and Ketotic Dairy Cows after Intravenous Infusion of Propionate Solution

et al. 2007

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The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of blood glucose utilization by peripheral tissue on the basis of changes in blood concentrations of glucose, insulin and inorganic phosphorus in healthy (n = 10) and ketotic cows (n = 10) after intravenous infusion of propionate solution.Blood samples were taken in both groups of examined cows at the following time intervals: just before (time 0) and 8, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 480 min after the intravenous infusion of 1.84 mol·l -1 solution of propionate in the amount of 1ml·kg -1 of body weight. Glucose and insulin blood serum values in both groups of cows increased significantly within 120 min of the experiment (p < 0.05). Significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of glucose in blood of ketotic cows, compared to the blood value of glucose in healthy cows were established within 30, 60, 120 and 240 min of the experiment, as a consequence of the decreased gluconeogenic ability of the liver in the ketotic cows. Significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of insulin in blood of ketotic cows in comparison with healthy ones were established within 240 and 480 min of the test. That indicates that the ability of beta cells of the endocrine pancreas to release insulin is reduced in cows suffering from ketosis. After intravenous administration of propionate, it was established that values of inorganic phosphorus were reduced in blood in both groups of cows after 8, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min. Within 480 min of the test there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood value of inorganic phosphorus in ketotic cows in comparison with healthy ones. This is linked with the active entry of glucose into glucolytic pathway of peripheral tissues. It can thus be concluded that there is a higher degree of blood glucose utilization by peripheral tissues in ketotic cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Blood Values of Glucose, Insulin and Inorganic Phosphorus in Healthy and Ketotic Dairy Cows after Intravenous Infusion of Propionate Solution

et al. 2007

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“…The metabolic profile during early lactation includes low concentrations of serum insulin, plasma glucose, and liver glycogen (GLY) and high concentrations of serum glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) NEFA, and liver TG (Herbein et al 1985;Vazquez-Anon et al 1994). This metabolic pattern is also reported in cases of induced or spontaneous hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) and ketosis (Ballard et al 1968;Bergman 1971;DeBoer et al 1985;Veenhuizen et al 1991;Drackley et al 1992).…”

Section: Metabolic Profile Of Periparturient Dairy Cattlementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Elevated plasma NEFA and liver TG concentrations during the prefresh transition period are associated with a gradual decline in DMI prior to parturition and a slow rate of increase in DMI early postpartum (Grummer 1995;Vazquez-Anon 1994). Bertics et al (1992) maintained DMI by force-feeding refusals during the prefresh transition period.…”

Section: Hepatic Lipidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence suggests that factors involved in the etiology of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis are similar (DeBoer et al 1985;Veenhuizen et al 1991;Drackley et al 1992;Rukkwamsuk et al 1999a) and in both cases liver function is impaired et al 2000). The etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis have been the focus of numerous research publications (Herdt et al 1983(Herdt et al , 1988DeBoer 1985;Veenhuizen et al 1991;Drackley et al 1992;Grummer 1993;Vazquez-Anon et al 1994;Krebs 1966). Moreover, numerous dietary regimens have been used to alleviate severity of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis (Schultz 1971;Minor et al 1998, Rukkwamsuk et al 1998, 1999bBremmer et al 2000).…”

Section: Lipid-related Peripartummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors affecting dry matter intake prepartum in relationship to etiology of peripartum lipid-related metabolic disorders: A review

Hayırlı¹,

Grummer

2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Hayirli, A. and Grummer, R. R. 2004. Factors affecting dry matter intake prepartum in relationship to etiology of peripartum lipid-related metabolic disorders: A review. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 337-347. Transition from gestation to lactation is a tremendous challenge for dairy cattle and requires metabolic and hormonal adjustments. The periparturient period, particularly the last week of gestation, is characterized by a dramatic decline (20 to 40%) in dry matter intake (DMI) prior to parturition and a slow rate of increase in DMI after parturition. As a result of negative energy balance during the periparturient period, excessive fat mobilization in adipose tissue and inability of disposing fatty acids (FA) via β-oxidation and exporting triglyceride (TG) as very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the liver cause hepatic lipidosis. Controlling hepatic lipidosis, therefore, depends on either limiting non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) uptake by the liver or increasing oxidation of FA and export of TG by the liver, or both. Results of studies regarding lipid metabolism in the liver to minimize lipidosis are controversial. Thus, until factor(s) limiting hepatic VLDL-TG export are identified, limiting fat mobilization from adipose tissue will play a key role in prevention of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. Depression in DMI prior to parturition shifts metabolism from anabolism to catabolism. Animal factors such as parity and body condition score and dietary factors such as density of organic nutrients influence DMI. Particularly, increasing energy density of the transition cow diet, without causing acidosis, by supplemental nonstructural carbohydrate (NFC) increases DMI and serum insulin concentration, which suppress lipolysis in adipose tissue and favors anabolic status. In summary, level of DMI and magnitude of DMI depression prior to parturition are linked to the etiology of postpartum lipid-related metabolic disorders. Thus, easing transition from gestation to lactation by offering high dietary NFC in consideration with other factors allows cows to produce more milk, become healthier, and be rebred sooner during postpartum.Key words: Periparturient dairy cattle, dry matter intake, hepatic lipidosis, ketosis Hayirli, A. et Grummer, R. R. 2004. Paramètres affectant l'ingestion de matière sèche avant le vêlage et leurs liens avec l'é-tiologie des troubles peripartum du métabolisme des lipides. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 337-347. Le passage de la gestation à la lactation est une dure épreuve pour les vaches laitières et exige certains ajustements métaboliques et hormonaux. La période entourant la mise bas, en particulier la dernière semaine de gestation, se caractérise par une chute draconienne (de 20 à 40 %) de l'ingestion de matière sèche (IMS) suivie par la lente remontée de cette dernière après le vêlage. À cause du bilan énergétique négatif survenant peu avant la mise bas, une mobilisation excessive des graisses dans les tissus adipeux et l'incapacité d'éliminer les acides gras par β-oxydation et d'exporter les trigly...

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“…The transition period is an important homeoretic event, in which several physiological modifications occur in a coordinated manner to support postpartum milk production (Drackley, 1999). During this period, the increase in dry matter intake (DMI) is not able to attend the rapidly increasing energy demand for maintenance and production (Vazquez-Anon et al, 1994), leading to a state of negative energy balance (NEB) and the activation of catabolic pathways. As a consequence, there is an enhanced lipolysis in early lactation, that is, followed by an increase in plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; Adewuyi et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin on postpartum metabolism and milk production in dairy cows

Pereira

Silveira

Montagner

et al. 2013

Animal

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin (BTPC) supplementation on plasma metabolites and milk production in postpartum dairy cows. A total of fifty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive either: (1) 10 ml of saline (NaCl 0.9%, control group); (2) 1000 mg of butaphosphan and 0.5 mg of cyanocobalamin (BTPC1 group); and (3) 2000 mg of butaphosphan and 1.0 mg of cyanocobalamin (BTPC2 group). All cows received injections every 5 days from calving to 20 days in milk (DIM). Blood samples were collected every 15 days from calving until 75 DIM to determine serum concentration of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), b-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cholesterol, urea, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), aminotransferase aspartate (AST) and g-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The body condition score (BCS) and milk production were evaluated from calving until 90 DIM. Increasing doses of BTPC caused a linear reduction in plasma concentrations of NEFA and cholesterol. Supplementation of BTPC also reduced concentrations of BHB but it did not differ between the two treatment doses. Milk yield and milk protein had a linear increase with increasing doses of BTPC. A quadratic effect was detected for milk fat and total milk solids according to treatment dose, and BTPC1 had the lowest mean values. Concentrations of glucose, urea, P, Mg, AST, GGT, milk lactose and BCS were not affected by treatment. These results indicate that injections of BTPC during the early postpartum period can reduce NEFA and BHB concentrations and increase milk production in Holstein cows.Keywords: butaphosphan, cyanocobalamin, postpartum dairy cows, non-esterified fatty acid ImplicationsThis study presents a new metaphylactic strategy aimed to reduce the intensity of negative energy balance (NEB) in postpartum dairy cows. Unlike previous studies, the current protocol consists of five injections of cyanocobalamin and butaphosphan at 5 days interval during the first 20 days in milk (DIM), the period of greatest metabolic challenge for dairy cows. The results of this experiment indicate that this protocol can improve metabolic adaptation in the early postpartum period, by reducing adipose tissue mobilization and increasing milk production.

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Peripartum Liver Triglyceride and Plasma Metabolites In Dairy Cows

Cited by 234 publications

References 13 publications

Changes in Blood Values of Glucose, Insulin and Inorganic Phosphorus in Healthy and Ketotic Dairy Cows after Intravenous Infusion of Propionate Solution

Changes in Blood Values of Glucose, Insulin and Inorganic Phosphorus in Healthy and Ketotic Dairy Cows after Intravenous Infusion of Propionate Solution

Factors affecting dry matter intake prepartum in relationship to etiology of peripartum lipid-related metabolic disorders: A review

Effect of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin on postpartum metabolism and milk production in dairy cows

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