Factors affecting dry matter intake prepartum in relationship to etiology of peripartum lipid-related metabolic disorders: A review

Hayırlı, A.; Grummer, R. H.

doi:10.4141/a03-122

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(177 reference statements)

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“…In one study (Selberg et al 2004), calcium salts of FA were fed in diets that were not isoenergetic and prepartum fat supplementation had no effect on prepartum DMI. Hayirli and Grummer (2004) suggested that cows were more likely to have had previous exposure to supplemental fat than heifers to explain a depression in DMI of heifers but Can. J. Anim.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk production, milk composition, blood composition, and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids

Petit¹,

Benchaar²

2007

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Petit, H. V. and Benchaar, C. 2007. Milk production, milk composition, blood composition, and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 591-600. A total of 153 lactating Holstein cows averaging 695 kg body weight (standard error = 11) were allotted 6 wk before the expected date of parturition to 51 groups of three cows blocked for similar calving dates to determine the effects of feeding different profiles of fatty acids from 6 wk before calving on feed intake, milk production and composition, conception rate, and embryo mortality in the subsequent lactation. Cows within each block were assigned to one of the three isoenergetic total mixed diets based on either whole flaxseed (FLA), Megalac ® (MEG) or micronized soybeans (SOY). Diets were fed for ad libitum intake from 6 wk before calving to day 50 of pregnancy for pregnant cows, or 120 d postpartum for those not diagnosed pregnant after artificial insemination (AI). Diet had no effect on prepartum dry matter intake but postpartum intake was 9% higher for cows fed FLA than for those fed MEG or SOY. Milk production and fat concentration were similar among treatments. Conception rate at first AI was higher for cows fed FLA (54.3%) than for those fed SOY (26.9%). Conception rate at first AI was similar for cows fed FLA and MEG and it was similar for those fed MEG and SOY. Cows fed MEG tended to have higher embryo mortality than those fed FLA (41.7 vs. 10.5%, P = 0.06) and SOY (41.7 vs. 0%, P = 0.08) at first AI and there was no difference among treatments at second AI. Total embryo mortality was similar for cows fed FLA and SOY but cows fed MEG had higher total embryo mortality than those fed SOY (35.3 vs. 9.1%) and there was a trend (P = 0.07) when MEG was compared with FLA (35.3 vs. 9.5%). These data suggest that feeding flaxseed during the prepartum period has little effect on production in the subsequent lactation but could improve fertility of dairy cows.Key words: Dairy, flaxseed, milk production, reproduction, fatty acids Petit, H. V. et Benchaar, C. 2007. Production de lait, composition du lait, composition du sang et taux de conception chez la vache laitière recevant différentes sources de gras. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 591-600. Un total de 153 vaches laitières Holstein pesant en moyenne 695 kg (erreur standard = 11) ont été distribuées au hasard 6 semaines avant la date prévue de vêlage en 51 groupes de trois vaches à partir de la semaine 6 avant le vêlage afin de déterminer les effets de différents profils d'acides gras alimentaires sur l'ingestion, la production et la composition du lait, le taux de conception, et la mortalité embryonnaire lors de la lactation suivante. Les vaches à l'intérieur de chaque groupe one reçu une des trois rations totales mélangées isoénergétiques basées sur du lin (FLA), du Megalac ® (MEG) ou du soya micronisé (SOY). Les rations ont été offertes à volonté à partir de 6 semaines avant le vêlage jusqu'au jour 50 de gestation pour vaches devenues gestantes ou jusqu'au j...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk production, milk composition, blood composition, and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids

Petit¹,

Benchaar²

2007

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Nutritional factors (e.g., feeding more energy as fermentable carbohydrates) that alleviate severity of hepatic lipidosis also affect ketogenesis (Hayirli and Grummer, 2004). The effects of this feeding regimen on the development of ketosis are mediated through insulin's potential antiketogenic effects (Schultz, 1971;Schalm and Schultz, 1976).…”

Section: Lipid-related Postpartum Metabolic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the magnitude and duration of malnutrition required to develop lipid-related metabolic disorders in dairy cows are largely unknown. Cows subjected to 30% feed restriction and those with about 30% reduction in DMI as they approach parturition are known to develop postpartum hepatic lipidosis (Vazquez-Anon et al, 1994;Hayirli and Grummer, 2004) and ketosis (Veenhuizen et al, 1991).…”

Section: Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Exogenous Insulin in the Complex of Hepatic Lipidosis and Ketosis Associated with Insulin Resistance Phenomenon in Postpartum Dairy Cattle

2006

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As a result of a marked decline in dry matter intake (DMI) prior to parturition and a slow rate of increase in DMI relative to milk production after parturition, dairy cattle experience a negative energy balance. Changes in nutritional and metabolic status during the periparturient period predispose dairy cattle to develop hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. The metabolic profile during early lactation includes low concentrations of serum insulin, plasma glucose, and liver glycogen and high concentrations of serum glucagon, adrenaline, growth hormone, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids, and liver triglyceride. Moreover, during late gestation and early lactation, flow of nutrients to fetus and mammary tissues are accorded a high degree of metabolic priority. This priority coincides with lowered responsiveness and sensitivity of extrahepatic tissues to insulin, which presumably plays a key role in development of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. Hepatic lipidosis and ketosis compromise production, immune function, and fertility. Cows with hepatic lipidosis and ketosis have low tissue responsiveness to insulin owing to ketoacidosis. Insulin has numerous roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Insulin is an anabolic hormone and acts to preserve nutrients as well as being a potent feed intake regulator. In addition to the major replacement therapy to alleviate severity of negative energy balance, administration of insulin with concomitant delivery of dextrose increases efficiency of treatment for hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. However, data on use of insulin to prevent these lipid-related metabolic disorders are limited and it should be investigated.

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“…and obese cows are observed to have a reduced appetite and lose more BW in early lactation. Owing to inadequate DMI p.p., overconditioned cows are subjected to increased body fat mobilization and are therefore more susceptible to metabolic diseases, like ketosis (Grummer, 1995;Hayirli and Grummer, 2004). However, DMI of group CLA-60 and CON-60 fed a high-concentrate proportion was not observed to be reduced during early lactation, which is contrary to the literature (Grummer, 1995;Hayirli and Grummer, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The highconcentrate level was fed to induce a ketogenic metabolic situation of cows postpartum (p.p.) (Hayirli and Grummer, 2004) for a better examination of the supposed lipid metabolism modifying properties of added CLA. It was expected that dietary supplemented CLA reduce metabolic disturbances of early lactating cows owing to a decreased milk energy output and thus improved negative energy balance in this time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of CLA and dietary concentrate proportion on blood metabolite concentration and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of periparturient dairy cows

Petzold

Meyer

Kersten

et al. 2015

Animal

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The study aimed to examine effects of supplemented CLA to periparturient dairy cows receiving different concentrate proportions antepartum (a.p.) to investigate CLA effects on metabolism and immune function. Compared with adapted feeding, highconcentrate diet a.p. should induce a ketogenic metabolic situation postpartum (p.p.) to better understand how CLA works. A total of 64 pregnant German Holstein cows had ad libitum access to partial mixed rations based on concentrate and roughage 3 weeks before calving until day 60 p.p. A.p., cows received 100 g/day control fat (CON) or a CLA supplement, either in a lowconcentrate (20%, CON-20, CLA-20) or high-concentrate diet (60%, CON-60, CLA-60). P.p., concentrate proportion was adjusted to 50% while fat supplementation continued. After day 32 p.p., half of the animals of CLA-groups changed to CON supplementation (CLA-20-CON, CLA-60-CON). A ketogenic metabolic state p.p. was not achieved and respective impacts of CLA could not be examined. Blood samples for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected on day − 21, 7, 28 and 56 relative to calving. Blood chemistry samples were taken over the entire experimental period. Mitogen-stimulated proliferation of PBMC remained unaffected. Besides serum concentrations of triglycerides, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin and IGF-1, clinical-chemical serum characteristics remained uninfluenced by treatments. No post-supplementation effect could be observed. Measured blood metabolites and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of PBMC indicate that all groups had an increased metabolic stress around calving, whereby group CLA-20 was affected more severely. Overall, supplemented CLA did not positively affect metabolism or immune function of periparturient dairy cows. However, feeding CLA in a low-concentrate diet a.p. seems to increase liver stress around calving via reduced DMI.

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Factors affecting dry matter intake prepartum in relationship to etiology of peripartum lipid-related metabolic disorders: A review

Cited by 37 publications

References 135 publications

Milk production, milk composition, blood composition, and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids

Milk production, milk composition, blood composition, and conception rate of transition dairy cows fed different profiles of fatty acids

The Role of Exogenous Insulin in the Complex of Hepatic Lipidosis and Ketosis Associated with Insulin Resistance Phenomenon in Postpartum Dairy Cattle

Impacts of CLA and dietary concentrate proportion on blood metabolite concentration and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of periparturient dairy cows

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