“…Therefore, while infrastructure investment can have a positive impact on the economy (Song and van Geenhuizen 2014 ), good governance should be established by adopting strategic policies rather than merely increasing the transportation infrastructure (Kyriacou et al 2019 ). In addition, it is possible to review investment in public and/or private plans to improve logistics efficiency, including economic, social, and environmental issues, by establishing a logistics plan that reflects the characteristics and needs of the region (Ramos de Oliveira et al 2022 ).…”
This study investigates the causal relationship between logistics efficiency and factors affecting the logistics environment, such as industrialization, urbanization, and CO2 emissions. With the expectation that logistics efficiency will contribute to economic growth and enhance country competitiveness in the near future, it is necessary to confirm the impact of each factor on different transportation modes, such as maritime and air transport. To this end, this study identifies causal relationships between the factors affecting the logistics environment and specific modes of transportation using data from 2010 to 2018. We employed the panel unit root test, panel co-integration test, fully modified OLS (FMOLS), panel dynamic OLS (DOLS), and panel VECM Granger causality tests for the estimations. The results revealed that factors affecting the logistics environment have different effects depending on the modes of transportation. For maritime transportation, long-run bidirectional causal associations were found between port volume, total exports, industrialization, and urbanization. This implies that export promotion and the resulting economic and social environment changes can increase port throughput; this increase can, in turn, develop and improve economic growth and factors affecting the logistics environment. In contrast, for air transport, we detected a long-run, unidirectional causal relationship among these variables and air volume changes with growing exports, urbanization, and industrialization. Thus, this study suggests a theoretical framework for analyzing the causal relationship between the factors affecting the logistics environment and each mode of transportation, providing insights for policymakers to promote logistics efficiency.
“…Therefore, while infrastructure investment can have a positive impact on the economy (Song and van Geenhuizen 2014 ), good governance should be established by adopting strategic policies rather than merely increasing the transportation infrastructure (Kyriacou et al 2019 ). In addition, it is possible to review investment in public and/or private plans to improve logistics efficiency, including economic, social, and environmental issues, by establishing a logistics plan that reflects the characteristics and needs of the region (Ramos de Oliveira et al 2022 ).…”
This study investigates the causal relationship between logistics efficiency and factors affecting the logistics environment, such as industrialization, urbanization, and CO2 emissions. With the expectation that logistics efficiency will contribute to economic growth and enhance country competitiveness in the near future, it is necessary to confirm the impact of each factor on different transportation modes, such as maritime and air transport. To this end, this study identifies causal relationships between the factors affecting the logistics environment and specific modes of transportation using data from 2010 to 2018. We employed the panel unit root test, panel co-integration test, fully modified OLS (FMOLS), panel dynamic OLS (DOLS), and panel VECM Granger causality tests for the estimations. The results revealed that factors affecting the logistics environment have different effects depending on the modes of transportation. For maritime transportation, long-run bidirectional causal associations were found between port volume, total exports, industrialization, and urbanization. This implies that export promotion and the resulting economic and social environment changes can increase port throughput; this increase can, in turn, develop and improve economic growth and factors affecting the logistics environment. In contrast, for air transport, we detected a long-run, unidirectional causal relationship among these variables and air volume changes with growing exports, urbanization, and industrialization. Thus, this study suggests a theoretical framework for analyzing the causal relationship between the factors affecting the logistics environment and each mode of transportation, providing insights for policymakers to promote logistics efficiency.
“…After the collection of economic, social and environmental data, Sánchez-Zamora and Gallardo-Cobos ( 2019 ) have applied PCA for grouping Spanish regions with common characteristics to measure and compare their resilience scores, extracted from DEA. Ramos de Oliveira et al ( 2022 ) implemented PCA in order to elucidate the interactions among the sustainability factors, proving that social and environmental dimensions should not be neglected when transportation routes of agricultural products are being assessed for their efficiency levels.…”
Safeguarding natural resources and energy is essential to ensure food security for future generations. Given the increase of published papers in the agricultural field applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this review seeks to address the special requirements of this methodology when implemented in the agricultural sector as well as to classify papers under sustainability aspects (economic, environmental, social). More specifically, 120 papers from Scopus and Web of Science databases were included in this review by using PRISMA methodology, and they were tested in the following groups (i) General information, (ii) DEA implementation, (iii) DEA extensions, (iv) Data type, (v) Data collection and processing, and (vi) Sustainability dimensions. Results indicate that there is a great need for weights use when performing DEA in the agricultural sector, to acquire results with greater explanatory power. Moreover, systematic data collection of multiple factors could lead to the implementation of complex methodologies, providing feasible solutions to the involved stakeholders. Lastly, the social aspect is the least represented dimension out of the three aspects of sustainability, indicating the need for the integration of social factors in such analyses, especially when DEA is used to create a policy framework in a specific area.
“…Factor analysis was utilized to summarize the observed variables into smaller factors to determine the strategic orientations for agroindustry development (Burman, Chandran, & Khurana, 2020;de Oliveira, Marsola, Milanez, & Fatoretto, 2022;Ul Hadia, Abdullah, & Sentosa, 2016). This method examined the relationship structure involving many variables by determining the most interconnected ones.…”
The cassava agroindustry is an essential part of the food sub-sector, and as it provides economic benefits for business actors from upstream to downstream. The development of the industry has been focused on aspects of cultivation, whereas the aspects of processing, marketing, management, and business innovation also need support. This study aims to formulate strategic orientations of SMEs in developing cassava-based agroindustry. This exploratory study was conducted on SMEs in the agroindustry with products made from cassava. A total of 115 SMEs in Central Java Province were taken as samples using stratified random sampling. Factor analysis was performed with the Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The strategic orientations covered product focus and short-term orientation to survive; market knowledge and flexibility; long-term orientation for market penetration or development; product development innovation to create differentiation; and reactive strategy orientation for stability. These five aspects should be considered to win the competition, build a competitive advantage, and face changes in the business environment. However, implementing them required the commitment of cassava-based SMEs, government support, and the development of collaboration with larger industries. Thus, the strategic orientations could be applied as a regional policy to improve the business performance in the cassava agroindustry in Central Java.
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