Perfil fitoquímico e ensaio microbiológico dos extratos da entrecasca de Maytenus rigida Mart. (Celastraceae)

Abstract

"Phytochemistry and microbiological assay of the bark extracts of Maytenus rigida Mart. (Celastraceae)". Maynetus rigida Mart (Celastraceae), known as "Bom-homem", "Bom-nome", "Cabelo-de-negro", "Casca-grossa" and "Pau-de-colher", is a small tree. The stem bark is used by the population in the northeast of Brazil to treat aches, infections and inflammations in general. The present work evaluated both the phytochemistry of M. rigida Mart by an analytical routine, and the antimicrobial activity of the bark extracts by the KirbyBauer modified method. Our results showed the aqueous, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoolic extracts of M. rigida Mart has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, while the hexane extract does not have any activity. Catechins, quinones, steroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds were detected by the phytochemical analysis.

Evaluation of cytotoxic, immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract from leaves ofConocarpus erectusLinnaeus (Combretaceae)

“…In the disc diffusion assay, AELCe showed antibacterial activity against isolates of the gram‐positive bacterium S. aureus , with inhibition halos higher than 10 mm. According to Estevam et al ., extracts of plants that formed zones of inhibition ≥ 10 mm are considered active. The MIC values ranged between 250 and 1000 μg/ml; according to Holetz et al .…”

“…In the disc diffusion assay, AELCe showed antibacterial activity against isolates of the gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, with inhibition halos higher than 10 mm. According to Estevam et al, [42] extracts of plants that formed zones of inhibition ≥ 10 mm are considered active. The MIC values ranged between 250 and 1000 lg/ml; according to Holetz et al [43] and Regasini et al, [44] extracts of plants with MIC values between 100 and 500 lg/ml have moderate activity, between 500 and 1000 lg/ml are weak and the extracts of plants with MIC >2000 lg/ml are considered inactive.…”

Antinociceptive effects of an extract, fraction and an isolated compound of the stem bark of Maytenus rigida

“…Maytenus genus is widespread in Northeast of Brazil and its root, bark, and leaves are used in folk medicine to treat infl ammation and pain (González et al, 2001;Mota & Albuquerque, 2002;Fenner et al, 2006;Reyes et al, 2006;Sosa et al, 2007). Several classes of secondary metabolites are represented within the genus, including triterpenes (Shirota et al, 1996, Estevam et al, 2009, oligo-nicotinated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids (Corsino et al, 1998), phenolic glycosides (Sannomiya et al, 1998), agar furans (Gonzalez et al, 1993), and a number of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, xanthones, catechins, leucoanthocyanidins and tannins (Estevam et al, 2009). Some of these compounds are used to treat painful conditions (Mota & Albuquerque, 2002), while others showed antiseptic, antiasthmatic, antitumoral, and fertility-regulating properties (Lee et al, 1982;Kuo et al, 1990;Ghazanfar, 1994;Gonzalez et al, 1996).…”

“…Some of these compounds are used to treat painful conditions (Mota & Albuquerque, 2002), while others showed antiseptic, antiasthmatic, antitumoral, and fertility-regulating properties (Lee et al, 1982;Kuo et al, 1990;Ghazanfar, 1994;Gonzalez et al, 1996). The book As Muitas Faces da Jurema (The Many Faces of Jurema) describes the use of the bark of M. rigida as a component of "jurema-preta" tea, known for its hallucinogenic properties (Mota & Albuquerque, 2002) and a previous study showed its antimicrobial activity (Estevam et al, 2009). Since M. rigida reportedly have analgesic activities (Mota & Albuquerque, 2002;Dias et al, 2007), the aim of the present study was better to investigate the antinociceptive (central and peripheral) properties of the ethanol extract of the plant, ethyl acetate fraction, and an isolated compound, using three in vivo mice models, namely, the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the hot plate test, and the formalin-induced nociception test.…”

Antioxidant activity of Maytenus imbricata Mart., Celastraceae

“…It is endemically encountered in "campo rupestre" (Rupiculous field grasslands) regions mainly in Bahia and Minas Gerais States of Brazil (Okano, 1992). Antiulcerogenic and analgesic effects (Queiroga et al, 2000;Gonzalez et al, 2001;Santos et al, 2007;Mota et al, 2008), antitumoral (Pullen et al, 2003;Ravelo et al, 2004), antimicrobial activity (Orabi et al, 2001;Estevam et al, 2009), antispasmodic (El Tahir et al, 1999, insecticidal (Avilla et al, 2000), citotoxic (Spivey et al, 2002), neuroleptic and anticonvulsant properties (Sousa & Almeida, 2005;Quintans-Júnior et al, 2008), antiinflammatory (Jorge et al, 2004;Santos et al, 2007;), antiespermatogenic (Montanari et al, 1998) and antidiabetical properties (Okine et al, 2005) are pharmacological activities attributed to different species of Maytenus.…”