Perfil de investigaciones en malaria asociada al embarazo: revisión sistemática 1925-2018

Carmona‐Fonseca

2021

PLoS ONE

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Knowledge about malaria associated with pregnancy is scarce in Latin America, and in Colombia, little is known about the magnitude of this infection. A systematic review was conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria associated with pregnancy (MAP) and each of its three forms: gestational (GM), placental (PM), and congenital (CM) tested using thick blood smear (TBS) and PCR. Also to compare the proportion of cases due to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Colombia from the year 2000–2020. We searched in Pubmed, Science Direct, EMBASE, EMCare, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Lilacs, Google Scholar, libraries, and repositories of Colombian universities, to obtain data on prevalence of GM, PM and CM with their respective testing method. We performed a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to obtain pooled prevalence of MAP and its three forms categorized by testing methods (TBS and PCR). We used data from 14 studies (out of 258 screened) contributing 7932, 2506 women for GM and PM respectively, also data on 1143 umbilical cord blood samples, and 899 peripheral blood of neonates. We found prevalence by TBS as, MAP 4.5% (95%CI = 2.9–6.9), GM 5.8% (95%CI = 3.8–8.7), PM 3.4% (95%CI = 1.7–6.7) and CM 1.3% (95%CI = 0.6–3.0). With PCR the prevalence was, MAP 14.4% (95%CI = 7.6–25.5), GM 16.7% (95%CI = 9.0–28.8), PM 11.0% (95%CI = 4.1–26.3) and CM 16.2% (95%CI = 8.2–29.5). The prevalence of submicroscopic infection was 8.5% (95%CI = 3.4–19.7) in GM, 10.1% (95%CI = 3.5–25.5) in PM and 22.0% (95%CI = 13.2–34.3) in CM. Infections by P. vivax was dominant over P. falciparum when tested with TBS, the PCR test gave similar proportions of P. falciparum and P. vivax. This meta-analysis has demonstrated high prevalence of MAP in Colombia, and highlights the urgent need to increase attention of researchers, research funding institutions, government agencies, and health authorities to study and intervene MAP, that has currently been under investigated.

Section: Plos Onecontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of the prevalence of malaria associated with pregnancy in Colombia 2000–2020

Carmona‐Fonseca

2021

PLoS ONE

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“… The most of observational studies in GM has been done in Africa with other independent variables (ethnic group, marital status, household density, prepregnancy body mass index, prepregnancy mid-upper-arm circumference, and others) and where the obstetric factors are not comparable with the current study population 39 . The majority of studies investigating factors associated with GM take the frequency of malaria as independent variables for different obstetric outcomes, which means that the GM effects and not its triggers are studied 40 . The studies on risk factors generally compare what happens in pregnant women versus non-pregnant women, which is different from the design and population of the current study 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of studies investigating factors associated with GM take the frequency of malaria as independent variables for different obstetric outcomes, which means that the GM effects and not its triggers are studied 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of gestational malaria and maternal–neonatal outcomes, in Northwestern Colombia 2009–2020

Carmona‐Fonseca

2022

Sci Rep

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Research on Gestational Malaria (GM) is scarce in America's. In the few available studies in Colombia, the analysis of immunological or parasitological aspects predominates, with few analyzes of epidemiological aspects. The objectives were to determine the frequency of GM and submicroscopic infections (positive with PCR and negative with thick blood smears), to identify obstetric and malaria history associated with GM, and to describe maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with GM, in northwestern Colombia. A retrospective study with records of 825 pregnant women was conducted. qPCR and thick blood smear were performed. Frequencies were determined with 95% confidence intervals. Comparisons were made with the Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and prevalence ratios adjusted in a log-binomial model. The frequency of GM was 35.8% (95% CI 32.4–39.1) of submicroscopic infection was 16.2% (95% CI 13.7–18.8). According to the multivariable model, the subgroups with the highest frequency of GM were pregnant women without healthcare coverage (32.3%), in the third trimester of pregnancy (30.5%), nulliparous (35.6%), and with a previous diagnosis of malaria in the current pregnancy (64.0%). GM was associated with more frequency of gestational anemia, infection in neonates, and lower birth weight. The results indicate in a precise and direct way that malaria control in this northwestern region of Colombia is far from adequate, which is even more serious considering the affectations for the mother and the neonate.

“…en este órgano, y malaria congénita (MC) que corresponde a la infección del recién nacido durante la vida intrauterina o el parto, con presencia de Plasmodium spp. en los primeros siete días de vida o más tardíamente, con manifestaciones clínicas entre los 10-30 días posparto (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) . La MAE tiene graves riesgos para la gestante como anemia, malaria cerebral, malaria grave y muerte; además, en el feto y en el recién nacido ocasiona desenlaces negativos como retraso del crecimiento intrauterino, anemia, muerte intrauterina, parto prematuro, bajo peso al nacer, entre otros (1,2) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Revisión sistemática de la exactitud diagnóstica de la gota gruesa en comparación con la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, para malaria asociada al embarazo, 2010-2022

Gómez-Hoyos

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

Higuita-Gutiérrez

et al. 2022

Objetivos. Evaluar la exactitud de gota gruesa (GG) frente a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) cuantitativa para la malaria asociada al embarazo (MAE). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de pruebas diagnósticas en nueve bases de datos. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica con QUADAS. Se estimó sensibilidad, especificidad, cociente de probabilidad positivo (CPP) y negativo (CPN), razón de odds diagnóstica (ORD) y área bajo la curva ROC. Se determinó la heterogeneidad con el estadístico Q de Der Simonian-Laird y la incertidumbre con el porcentaje de peso de cada estudio sobre el resultado global. Resultados. Se incluyeron diez estudios con 5691 gestantes, 1415 placentas y 84 neonatos. En los estudios con nPCR (PCR anidada) y qPCR (PCR cuantitativa) como estándar, los resultados de exactitud diagnóstica fueron estadísticamente similares, con sensibilidad muy baja (50 y 54%, respectivamente), alta especificidad (99% en ambos casos), alto CPP y deficiente CPN. Usando nPCR la OR diagnóstica fue 162 (IC95%=66-401) y el área bajo la curva ROC fue 95%, mientras que con qPCR fueron 231 (IC95%=27-1951) y 78%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Mediante un protocolo exhaustivo se demostró el bajo desarrollo de investigaciones sobre la exactitud diagnóstica de la GG en MAE. Se demostró que la microscopía tiene un desempeño deficiente para el diagnóstico de infecciones asintomáticas o de baja parasitemia, lo que afianza la importancia de implementar otro tipo de técnicas en el seguimiento y control de las infecciones por malaria en las gestantes, con el fin de lograr el control y posible eliminación de la MAE.