Pectus carinatum

Abstract

Among the deformities of the thoracic wall, pectus carinatum has not received the same attention as has pectus excavatum. Few pulmonologists, pediatricians, and thoracic surgeons are aware of the approaches to treating this condition. As a consequence, patients with pectus carinatum are not referred for treatment. This deformity, with an incidence of 1:1000 teenagers, is oligosymptomatic. However, for aesthetic and emotional reasons, it accounts for a large number of medical appointments. Such patients are introverted and do not engage in physical activities, since they are unwilling to expose their chest, which also discourages them from going to the beach or to swimming pools. The diagnosis is clinical and visual, and details are obtained through chest X-rays and computed tomography. The treatment is based on a well-known organogram that summarizes orthopedic and surgical procedures. Dynamic compression, combined with physical exercises, is indicated for teenagers with flexible thorax in inferior and lateral pectus carinatum, with limited indication for those with superior pectus carinatum. For individuals of any age with rigid thorax, surgery is indicated for aesthetic reasons. Among the techniques described, the modified sternum chondroplasty stands out due to the excellent aesthetic results achieved.

Pectus carinatum in a Cat

“…Divergindo dos achados da literatura consultada que afirmam que o sexo masculino é o principal afetado [2,6], a paciente do caso deste relato é fêmea.…”

“…O PE provoca um estreitamento ventral dorsal do tórax, causando um aspecto côncavo (peito de funil) e está frequentemente associado com anomalias respiratórias e cardiovasculares. Já o PC é a protrusão ventral do esterno (peito de pombo) [2,5,12]. O PC tem sido descrito com muito menos frequência que o PE, sendo considerado o tipo mais raro da doença em cães e gatos [10].…”

Dental Treatments under the General Anesthesia in a Child with Keratitis, Ichthyosis, and Deafness Syndrome

“…Pigeon chest is presented in Marfan syndrome [28], Noonan syndrome [29], Osteogenesis Imperfecta [30], Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome [31], Loeys-Dietz syndrome [32], and Ehler-Danlos syndrome [33]. It has been specified that fatigue and asthma—ranging from mild to moderate levels—due to shortness of breath can be seen in the presence of pigeon chest [34]. In our case, we were not informed about such a symptom during the consultation before general anesthesia.…”

Unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis with contralateral aplasia

“…Symptoms result from associated diseases, such as bronchitis and bronchial asthma, or emotional disorders, caused by the unaesthetic appearance of the chest wall. [20] The OSAS is a potentially disabling condition characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, disruptive snoring, repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, and nocturnal hypoxemia. It is defined by apnea–hypopnea index (the total number of episodes of apnea and hypopnea per hour of sleep), or respiratory disturbance index, of five or higher in association with excessive daytime somnolence.…”