Pathways to achieve universal household access to modern energy by 2030

Pachauri, Shonali; Ruijven, Bas van; Nagai, Yasuhiro; Riahi, Keywan; Vuuren, Detlef van; Brew-Hammond, Abeeku; Nakićenović, Nebojša

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024015

Cited by 137 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Reaching 2°C after following the pledges till 2030 would still be feasible but would come at a significantly higher cost 13 . 4 …”

Section: Regional Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is consistent with the currently high energy intensity, in turn related to relatively low energy prices. Non-CO 2 gases contribute to 10-20% in terms of abatement, and represent a significant share of residual emissions, since some emissions such as CH 4 and N 2 O gases from agriculture are hard to mitigate 53 . The overall picture is that, while energy supply has the highest mitigation potential, regional characteristics imply different patterns of mitigation across sectors 54 , which will also be influenced by the stringency of the climate target 13,55 .…”

Section: Figure 2 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Model differ in the economic, technological and sectoral representation and in the way they are solved, with some models maximizing an inter-temporal objective function (such as economic activity) and others simulating a set of equilibria (see the SOM for individual model description and references to documentation). Models generate global long-term scenarios for a number of regions or countries that can be used to inform climate and energy policies and to translate long-term climate objectives into potential medium-term courses of actions [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . Scenarios from IAMs provide important input to scientific reviews such as the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Emissions Gap Report.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Post-2020 climate agreements in the major economies assessed in the light of global models

et al. 2014

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Integrated assessment models can help quantifying the implications of international climate agreements and regional climate action. This paper reviews scenario results from model intercomparison projects to explore different possible outcomes of post 2020 climate negotiations, recently announced pledges and their relation to 2°C. We provide key information for all the major economies such as the year of emission peaking, the regional carbon budgets and emissions allowances. We highlight the distributional consequences of climate policies, and discuss the role of carbon markets for financing clean energy investments, and achieving efficiency and equity.So far, international climate policy has been ineffective in curbing the rise of global greenhouse-gas emissions. Still, ambitious climate targets such as the 2°C target require a phase-out of global emissions by the end of the century, and an active participation of all world regions in climate policy 1 . Given the many obstacles to global cooperative action on climate change, the question remains how diverse national climate policies can be coordinated and strengthened globally. Within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Durban Platform for Enhanced 2 Action 2 provides an important platform for a post-2020 international climate agreement. It contains several innovative elements, most notably a focus on the major economies that goes beyond the traditional divide between Annex I and non-Annex I countries. The Durban platform calls for a new climate treaty to be agreed in 2015 and implemented as early as 2020. The recently announced USChina climate deal and the EU climate framework provide encouraging steps forwards, but aligning the incentives of the major emitters in pursuing stringent climate policies remains a challenge. In this paper, we aim at assessing the implications of post 2020 climate policies with specific reference to the major economies. We provide quantitative estimates of regional emission budgets, timing of emission peaking, and distribution of mitigation costs. We examine the role of carbon markets and different burden sharing schemes to alleviate distributional inequalities and finance the investment needs in low carbon mitigation technologies. In order to quantify these policy relevant variables, we resort to global models.Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are tools designed to investigate the implications of achieving climate and other objectives in an integrated and rigorous framework. They are numerical models that account for major interactions among energy, land-use, economic and climate systems. Model differ in the economic, technological and sectoral representation and in the way they are solved, with some models maximizing an inter-temporal objective function (such as economic activity) and others simulating a set of equilibria (see the SOM for individual model description and references to documentation). Models generate global long-term scenarios for a number of regions or countries that ca...

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“…Reaching 2°C after following the pledges till 2030 would still be feasible but would come at a significantly higher cost 13 . 4 …”

Section: Regional Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 2 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Post-2020 climate agreements in the major economies assessed in the light of global models

et al. 2014

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“…Only two studies explore normative scenarios that achieve access and climate goals simultaneously 18,19 , both of which do not explore the cost-effectiveness or distributional impacts on population subgroups of these policies. Meanwhile, studies that have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of energy access policies 20,21 have not considered the impact of climate policy. The latest assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes that we have only low confidence in our understanding of the possible impacts of climate policy on access to modern energy services, and medium confidence in the policies needed to counteract them 13 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Policy trade-offs between climate mitigation and clean cook-stove access in South Asia

et al. 2016

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Household air pollution from traditional cook stoves presents a greater health hazard than any other environmental factor. Despite government e orts to support clean-burning cooking fuels, over 700 million people in South Asia could still rely on traditional stoves in 2030. This number could rise if climate change mitigation e orts increase energy costs. Here we quantify the costs of support policies to make clean cooking a ordable to all South Asians under four increasingly stringent climate policy scenarios. Our most stringent mitigation scenario increases clean fuel costs 38% in 2030 relative to the baseline, keeping 21% more South Asians on traditional stoves or increasing the minimum support policy cost to achieve universal clean cooking by up to 44%. The extent of this increase depends on how policymakers allocate subsidies between clean fuels and stoves. These additional costs are within the range of financial transfers to South Asia estimated in e orts-sharing scenarios of international climate agreements.

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“…Providing access to electricity to the 1.3 billion people who currently live without it, and improving the quality and quantity of supply for those already connected in developing countries, will require a significant increase in finance for the electricity sector (Bazilian et al 2010;IEA 2011;World Bank 2006;Pachauri et al 2013). Broadly speaking, three sources can contribute to satisfy the 'voracious appetite for finance' of the electricity industry (Hausman, Neufeld and Schreiber 2014): official development assistance (ODA) from multilateral and bilateral donors; national governments (or state-owned utilities); and the private sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%