Paternal age and congenital cleft lip and cleft palate

Abstract

In an analysis of 679 families no evidence was found of a diference in paternal or meternal ages between complete and incomplete forms of cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, or between familial and nonfamilial cases, It would appear that parental‐age effects for clefts of the lip or palate either do not exist or are so complex that their biological significance is likely to remain obscure.

Parental age as a risk factor for non-syndromic oral clefts: A meta-analysis

“…9,10,39-49 The outcomes were not clearly defined in 29 studies. 14, [16][17][18]21,22,26,27,39,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Thirty-three studies did not define the exposure variables 7,8,14,15,18,22,23,34,40,41,[50][51][52][53][54][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]…”

“…24,32,42,47,48,63,78,83 Twenty-three articles did not describe category boundaries when continuous variables were categorized. 7,14,19,22,23,26,27,34,40,[43][44][45]55,57,62,65,66,71,72,74,76,80,86 ORs were presented in 21 studies. 4,9,10,24,[29][30][31][32]36,37,42,44,47,48,73,[77][78][79]81,82,84 The relationship between paternal and/or maternal a...…”

“…14,16,17,19,21,25,33,35,38,41,44,46,52,57,58,60,66,[68][69][70][71][72]75,80,83,87 Four studies compared maternal and paternal mean age between groups with different oral clefts using Student's t test. 26,34,40,41 …”

Paternal age increases the risk for autism in an Iranian population sample

“…However, it was Penrose who first showed that the association was due to advanced paternal age, but not maternal age or the child's birth order [16]. Paternal age at the birth of offspring has been associated with an increasing risk for several congenital disorders [17], including cleft lip and palate [18], syndactyly [19], situs inversus [20], hydrocephalus [21], Apert syndrome [22] and craniosynostosis [23]. Some other disorders associated with paternal age are childhood cancer [24,25], miscarriage [26], fetal death [27] and some autoimmune disorders [28].…”

Influence of Paternal Age in Schizophrenia

“…Pour expliquer cette situation, certains auteurs ont fait l"hypothèse de l"implication de mutations de novo dont on sait qu"elles augmentent avec l"âge paternel. L"âge paternel avancé est non seulement considéré comme un facteur de risque du développement de la schizophrénie, mais a également été associé à de nombreux troubles neuro-développementaux (diminution des capacités intellectuelles et neuro-cognitives [1, 21,30,31], autisme [30]) ainsi qu"à d"autres pathologies (syndrome d"Apert, Progeria, achondroplasie [12,36,40], crâniosynostose [33], situs inversus [16], syndactylie [27], bec de lièvre [26,32], hydrocéphalie [32], cancer [10,43]). Une des explications étant la survenue de mutations au niveau des gamètes paternels responsables de l"apparition de cas sporadiques [4].…”