BackgroundInequalities in the utilisation of dental services in Brazil are remarkable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of contextual and individual factors with the utilisation of dental services by Brazilian adults using the Andersen’s behavioural model.MethodsIndividual-level data from 27,017 adults residents in the State capitals who were interviewed in the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey were pooled with contextual city-level data. The outcomes were non-utilisation of dental services and last dental visit over 12 months ago. Individual predisposing variables were age, sex, race/skin colour, schooling and social network. Individual enabling variables included income, health insurance and registration in primary health care. Individual need variables were self-perceived dental health and self-reported missing teeth. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the association of contextual and individual predisposing, enabling and need-related variables with dental services outcomes.ResultsPredisposing (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.81–0.97) and enabling (OR = 0.90; 95% CI 0.85–0.96) contextual factors were associated with non-utilisation of dental services. Individual predisposing (sex, race/skin colour, schooling), enabling (income, health insurance) and need (self-perceived oral health, missing teeth) were associated with non-utilisation of dental services and last dental visit over 12 months ago. The latter was also associated with other individual predisposing (age, social network) and need (eating difficulties due to oral problems) characteristics.ConclusionsIndividual and contextual determinants influenced dental services utilisation in Brazilian adults. These factors should be on the policy agenda and considered in the organisation of health services aiming to reduce oral health inequalities related to access and utilisation of dental services.

RESUMO Iniquidades de acesso ao Sistema Único de Saúde comprometem a garantia de cuidados primários de saúde para populações rurais e para outros grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade. Estudo transversal que avaliou acesso de usuários e cobertura assistencial de Equipes de Saúde da Família (EqSF) dos sete estados da região norte do Brasil e que aderiram à avaliação externa do segundo ciclo Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Os dados do PMAQ-AB foram relacionados a indicadores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de saúde, por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Para o conjunto da região, a cobertura assistencial de equipes sediadas em área rural, urbana e urbana que declararam atender a populações rurais foi de 83,3%. Coberturas entre 90-100% foram encontradas para o Acre, o Amapá, Roraima e o Tocantins. Menores percentuais foram encontrados no Pará (50,5%) e no Amazonas (60,5%). A extensão de cobertura encobre barreiras de acesso geográfico ligadas à concentração de equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família nos espaços urbanos, situação que se estende a 451 (25,3%) unidades e a 494 (22,9%) equipes encarregadas do atendimento de populações rurais, mas que atuam em espaço urbano, adicionando barreiras à chegada dos usuários às unidades. Dificuldades no acolhimento à demanda espontânea, agendamento de consulta e disponibilidade de transporte para o atendimento também foram reportadas.

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Background: The ways of life in the Amazon are diverse and not widely known. In addition, social inequities, large geographic distances and inadequate health care network noticeably limit access to health services in rural areas. Over the last decades, Brazilian health authorities have implemented fluvial mobile units (FMU) as an alternative to increase access and healthcare coverage. The aim of the study was to identify the strategies of access and utilization of primary health care (PHC) services by assessing the strengths and limitations of the healthcare model offered by the FMU to reduce barriers to services and ensure the right to healthcare. Methods: Qualitative and ethnographic research involving participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Data collection consisted of interviews with users and health professionals and the observation of service organization and healthcare delivered by the FMU, in addition to the therapeutic itineraries that determine demand, access and interaction of users with healthcare services. Results: Primary care is offered by the monthly locomotion of the FMU that serves approximately 20 rural riverside communities. The effectiveness of the actions of the FMU proved to be adequate for conditions such as antenatal care for low-risk pregnancy, which require periodic consultations. However, conditions that require continued attention are not adequately met through the organization of care established in the FMU. The underutilization of the workforce of community health workers and disarrangement between their tasks and those of the rest of the multi-professional team are some of the reasons pointed out, making the healthcare continuity unfeasible within the intervals between the trips of the FMU. From the users' perspective, although the presence of the FMU provides healthcare coverage, the financial burden generated by the pursuit for services persists, since the dispersed housing pattern requires the locomotion of users to reach the mobile unit services as well as for specialized care in the urban centers.

Objective : To compare health-related quality of life and oral health-related quality of life between nonsyndromic individuals with and without cleft lip and/or cleft palate and to identify the most affected quality of life dimensions in individuals with cleft lip and/or palate. Design : Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Of the 314 identified citations, 23 articles were submitted to quality assessment. Data from nine studies on health-related quality of life and six on oral health-related quality of life were extracted for meta-analysis. Main Outcome Measures : Pooled mean differences of health-related quality of life between adults with and without cleft lip and/or palate, pooled means of health-related quality of life dimensions of children and adults with cleft lip and/or palate and oral health-related quality of life dimensions of children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate with a 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results : Quality assessment revealed methodological differences between studies. Lack of subgroup stratification and absence of control for confounders were the main limitations. Heterogeneity was detected on the comparison of oral health-related quality of life and health-related quality of life between children with and without cleft lip and/or palate, and oral health-related quality of life between adolescents with and without cleft lip and/or palate. A random-effect model showed a significant difference on health-related quality of life between adults with and without cleft lip and/or palate (mean difference = 0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.05). Psychological health (mean, 78.9; 95% confidence interval, 70.1 to 87.7) and vitality (mean, 68.1; 95% confidence interval, 48.0 to 88.1) were the most affected health-related quality of life dimensions in children and adults with cleft lip and/or palate, respectively. Means of health-related quality of life dimensions in children and adults with cleft lip and/or palate and oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate varied yet did not differ in indirect comparisons. Conclusion : The presence of cleft lip and/or palate negatively affected the health-related quality of life of adults, mainly on psychosocial dimensions.

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Background: The utilisation of health services is determined by complex interactions. In this context, rural populations face greater barriers in accessing dental services than do urban populations, and they generally have poorer oral health status. The evaluation of the determinants of health services utilisation is important to support planning and management of dental services. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of dental services utilisation of Brazilian adults living in rural and urban areas. Methods: Data from 60,202 adults aged 18 years or older who took part in the Brazilian National Health Survey carried out in 2013 were analysed. Predisposing (age, sex, education, social networks), enabling financing (income, durable goods and household's crowding), enabling organisation (health insurance, registration in primary health care [PHC]) and need variables (eating difficulties, self-perceived tooth loss and self-perceived oral health) were selected based upon the Andersen behavioural model. Multi-group structural equation modeling assessed the direct and indirect associations of independent variables with non-utilisation of dental services and the interval since the last dental visit for individuals living in rural and urban areas.

The PBM reduces the prevalence of postoperative pain and may benefit patients who need endodontic treatment.