Patch selection by cattle: maximization of intake rate in horizontally heterogeneous pastures

Distel, Roberto Alejandro; Laca, Emilio A.; Griggs, Thomas C.; Demment, Montague W.

doi:10.1016/0168-1591(95)00593-h

Cited by 121 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In that study, excess feed provided greater access to the preferred parts of the plant that were most readily consumed, thus encouraging higher intake. Further, there is evidence from studies of cattle on pasture that intake increases with pasture availability and density (Distel et al 1995). As such, in the present study, higher DMI on the HFA may have been encouraged simply because larger amounts of feed were available for the whole day, making the feed more accessible and easier to consume.…”

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 70%

Feeding amount affects the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows

Miller-Cushon¹,

DeVries²

2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Miller-Cushon, E. K. and DeVries, T. J. 2010. Feeding amount affects the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 1Á7. The objective of this study was to determine whether feed sorting behavior in dairy cattle is influenced by the amount of feed provided. Six lactating Holstein cows, individually fed a total mixed ration once daily, were exposed to two treatments in a crossover design with 7-d periods. The treatments were: (1) lower feed amount (LFA; target 10% orts), and (2) higher feed amount (HFA; target 20% orts). Dry matter intake (DMI) was monitored daily for each animal. On the final 4 d of each treatment period, fresh feed and orts were sampled for particle size analysis. The particle size separator had three screens (19, 8, 1.18 mm) and a bottom pan, resulting in four fractions (long, medium, short, fine). Sorting was calculated as the actual intake of each particle size fraction expressed as a percentage of the predicted intake of that fraction. Actual orts percentage averaged 11.5% for the LFA and 18.0% for the HFA treatments. When on the HFA cows sorted for the medium particles to a greater extent than on the LFA (103.0 vs. 101.1%). Further, when on the HFA treatment cows sorted against short particles to a greater extent than on the LFA (95.2 vs. 98.6%). Despite greater sorting on the HFA treatment, the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 29.6%) and starch (27.1%) in the feed consumed were similar between treatments. Given this, and that DMI was greater on the HFA treatment compared with the LFA treatment (29.7 vs. 26.5 kg d(1 ), greater intakes of NDF (8.7 vs. 7.8 kg d(1 ) and starch (8.0 vs. 7.2 kg d(1 ) were also observed on the HFA treatment. The results suggest that, despite causing greater feed sorting, increasing the feeding amount for lactating dairy cows promoted higher DMI and did not prevent the consumption of a ration balanced to meet their nutritional requirements.Key words: Feeding amount, sorting behavior, dairy cow Miller-Cushon, E. K. et DeVries, T. J. 2010. La quantite´d'aliments modifie le comportement de tri des vaches en lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 1Á7. L'e´tude devait e´tablir si le tri des aliments par les vaches laitie`res varie avec la quantite´de nourriture qu'elles rec¸oivent. Six vaches en lactation recevant chacune une ration comple`te une fois par jour ont e´teé xpose´es a`deux traitements dans le cadre d'une expe´rience croise´e, par pe´riodes de 7 jours. Les traitements e´taient les suivants : 1) moins grande quantite´d'aliments (MGQA; objectif 10% de rejets) ou 2) plus grande quantite´d'aliments (PGQA; objectif 20% de rejets). L'ingestion de matie`re se`che (IMS) de chaque sujet a e´te´mesure´e quotidiennement. Lors des 4 derniers jours de chaque pe´riode, on a analyse´les aliments frais et les rejets pour en e´tablir la granulome´trie. Les auteurs ont utilise´pour cela trois tamis (19, 8 et 1,18 mm) et un plateau, ce qui a donne´quatre fractions (particules longues, moyennes, courtes et fines). Le tri correspondait a`la quan...

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Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 70%

Feeding amount affects the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows

Miller-Cushon¹,

DeVries²

2010

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…These forages were offered ad libitum without a constraint over several days. The absence of a constraint contrasts with most experiments where the accessibility of the preferred forage varied in order to manipulate the relative intake rate of the forages [4,6,8,19], which has been shown to influence the choices both at pasture [4,13] and indoors [7,16], as predicted by the Optimal Foraging Theory [26]. When the relative intake rates (IR) and choices are measured without a constraint, choices are usually recorded in short-term tests [13,17,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding behaviour and intake of heifers fed on hays of various quality, offered alone or in a choice situation

Ginane

Baumont

Lassalas³

et al. 2002

Anim. Res.

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-We studied the feeding behaviour of cattle offered unconstrained choices between two hays of either different or similar nutritive values, and linked these choices to their behaviour when the same forages were offered alone. Over successive 10-day periods, six 15-month-old Aubrac heifers received three hays (a leafy one, G, and two late cut ones, C1 and C2, of very similar nutritive value), ad libitum, alternately alone and associated two by two. As expected, the heifers ate more G than C1 or C2 when the hay was offered alone, and preferred G in choice trials. They displayed a similar behaviour towards C1 and C2 when they were given alone, and also when they were independently associated with G (C1 and C2 making up 18% and 17% of the total intake and 21% and 17% of total feeding time, respectively) or when they were offered together (each accounting for nearly 50% of the total intake or feeding time). The choices could be related to the daily intakes of the forages given alone, which could thus be a good predictor of relative daily intakes under choice conditions. Heifers always showed partial choices, which could be seen as the research of the maintenance of optimal ruminal conditions, the result of sampling behaviour and/or the pleasure associated with the diversity of the diet. Their tendency to diversify the diet was also supported by the reaction to the recent diet by temporarily increasing their preference for the hay that had not been offered during the previous nochoice sub-period. Finally, all the choice situations raised the daily dry matter intake, which could be seen as the result of their motivation to eat due to the diversity of the offer. de regain G et deux foins tardifs C1 et C2 de valeurs alimentaires similaires) à volonté, alternativement distribués seuls ou associés deux par deux. Les génisses ont ingéré G en plus grande quantité que C1 ou C2 lorsque les foins étaient distribués seuls et l'ont préféré en situation de choix. Elles ont eu des comportements similaires vis-à-vis de C1 et de C2 distribués seuls, mais également lorsqu'ils étaient offerts avec G (C1 et C2 représentant respectivement 18 % et 17 % des quantités ingérées totales, et 21 % et 17 % du temps d'ingestion) ou lorsqu'ils étaient distribués ensemble (chaque foin représentant environ 50 % des quantités ingérées et du temps d'ingestion). Les choix étaient en accord avec l'ingestibilité des fourrages distribués seuls, qui pourrait donc être un bon critère de prévision des quantités ingérées relatives en situation de choix. Les génisses ont toujours montré des choix mixtes, ce qui peut être interprété comme la recherche d'un maintien de conditions ruminales optimales, le résultat d'un comportement d'échantillonnage et/ou du plaisir associé à un régime diversifié. Leur tendance à diversifier le régime s'est également exprimée lors du passage d'une situation de non choix à une situation de choix, par l'augmentation temporaire de leur préférence pour le foin qui n'avait pas été distribué précédemment. Enfin, la situation de...

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“…As dietas selecionadas por animais em pastejo geralmente contêm uma maior quantidade de folhas e menores quantidades de caule e de tecido senescente, quando comparada às quantidades totais existentes nas pastagens (ILLIUS et al, 1992;DISTEL et al, 1995). A massa de folhas verdes tem mostrado ser o melhor determinante da massa do bocado e da taxa de ingestão instantânea em diferentes estágios fenológicos das pastagens e tem mostrado ser um forte indicativo da preferência entre espécies forrageiras (PRACHE, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Para esta mesma forrageira, NAUJECK e HILL (2003), observaram a mesma relação linear e uma variação de 51% a 68% de remoção. Estas características demonstram que há um padrão no processo da desfolha por eqüinos em pastejo semelhante ao de outros herbívoros (STOBBS, 1973;GRANT e MARRIOT, 1994;DISTEL et al, 1995). O entendimento do comportamento de eqüinos em pastejo e do processo da desfolha em forrageiras com estrutura conhecida é de importância fundamental para a predição de dietas, bem como para uma avaliação do impacto que o pastejo determina nas estruturas vegetais das pastagens.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

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Preferência De Eqüinos Em Pastejo: Efeito Da Altura De Dosséis De Gramíneas Do Gênero Cynodon

Dittrich¹,

Carvalho²,

Moraes³

et al. 2005

AVS

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RESUMO -O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Estações Experimentais da UniversidadeFederal do Paraná, em fevereiro de 1998, quando as gramíneas Cynodon spp. cv Tifton 85, Cynodon nlemfuensis cv Tifton 68, Cynodon spp. cv Tifton 44, Cynodon nlemfuensis (Porto Rico) e Cynodon nlemfuensis (Estrela Roxa) foram estabelecidas em parcelas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram subdivididas em duas alturas do dossel (alto e baixo) caracterizadas pela diferença de altura das plantas. Os tratamentos foram ofertados a três éguas por duas horas em cinco dias consecutivos. A preferência entre os tratamentos foi identificada pela avaliação do número de bocados e pela desfolha nas unidades vegetativas marcadas nas parcelas e alturas. A profundidade do bocado foi quantificada por meio da identificação da altura do perfilho estendido e da menor altura pastejada nos perfilhos marcados das diferentes gramíneas. A Tifton 85 foi preferida, seguida pela Coastcross 1, Tifton 68 e Tifton 44. A Estrela Roxa e a Porto Rico foram preteridas. As gramíneas de maior preferência apresentavam maior massa de folhas verdes em relação à massa de colmos (P<0,05). Os dosséis altos e os perfilhos de maior altura foram mais procurados para o pastejo. Observou-se uma relação linear e positiva entre a altura do perfilho estendido e a profundidade do bocado nas gramíneas de maior preferência (Tifton 85 e Coastcross 1). Características estruturais como massa de folhas, relação folha:colmo, altura dos dosséis e das plantas, em diferentes gramíneas do gênero Cynodon, são indicativos da preferência de eqüinos em pastejo.Palavras-chave: seleção de dietas, ingestão, Tifton, pastejo. Paraná, in February, 1998, and investigated the effect of the different Cynodon grasses structure at the horse grazing. The Cynodon spp. cv Tifton 85, Cynodon nlemfuensis cv Tifton 68, Cynodon spp. cv Tifton 44, Cynodon nlemfuensis (¨Porto Rico¨) and Cynodon nlemfuensis (¨Estrela Roxa¨) grasses were distributed in parcels with 12 m 2 in a completely randomized split-plot design with four replications. The parcels were divided in two kinds of patches (tall and short) demonstrated by plants height. Five grazing tests were done with mares, evaluating the number of bites allocated in each treatment. The preference was evaluated by bite number and tiller grazed on each treatment. The bite depth was measured using 20 marked tillers in each experimental unit. The animals showed preference for Tifton 85, followed by Coastcross 1, Tifton 68 and Tifton 44. The star grasses ¨Estrela Roxa¨ and Porto Rico¨ were not preferred. Tifton 85 and Coastcross 1 with more leaves and less stems mass (P<0,05), and with tall patches and higher tillers, were preferred by mares. A linear relationship was found between the tiller height extended and the bite depth. The structure of Cynodon grasses like leaves mass, leaves/stems relation, patches and plants height are important for horse grazing preference. ABSTRACT -The experiment was c...

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Patch selection by cattle: maximization of intake rate in horizontally heterogeneous pastures

Cited by 121 publications

References 15 publications

Feeding amount affects the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows

Feeding amount affects the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows

Feeding behaviour and intake of heifers fed on hays of various quality, offered alone or in a choice situation

Preferência De Eqüinos Em Pastejo: Efeito Da Altura De Dosséis De Gramíneas Do Gênero Cynodon

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