Parotocinclus nandae, a new distinctive colored catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) from the upper Rio Paraguaçu, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil

Abstract

A new species of Parotocinclus from the upper Rio Paraguaçu, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by its unique color pattern, with irregular dark blotches resulting in a somewhat marble-spotted pattern on head and trunk of most specimens and dorsum of head with a conspicuous V-shaped light mark from tip of snout to nares. The new species is also distinguished from congeners by having the lower lip elongated posteriorly and reaching or surpassing the anterior margin of cleithrum on the pectoral girdle, the canal cheek plate on the ventral surface of the head reduced and with a slightly concave margin, and abdomen covered by small embedded platelets, without contact with each other and not arranged in a line between the pectoral-fin axilla and pelvic-fin origin. The presence of a thick and rough skin in the interradial membrane of pelvic fin exclusively in the females of P. nandae is reported by the first time to occurs in Siluriformes.

Parotocinclus jacksoni, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Rio Mamanguape basin, north‐eastern Brazil

“…Plate series counts followed Britski and Garavello (2002), and Lehmann et al . (2020). Measurements were obtained with a digital calliper, under a stereomicroscope, on the left side of the specimens whenever possible, and recorded in millimetres.…”

“…The morphological, morphometric and meristic data of species not included in the Comparative Material Examined section used for comparisons were extracted from original description and redescription studies of the species (Boeseman, 1974; Gauger & Buckup, 2005; Lehmann et al ., 2015, 2018, 2020; Lehmann & Reis, 2012; Pereira et al ., 2019; Roxo et al ., 2016, 2017, 2019b; Schaefer, 1988; Schaefer & Provenzano, 1993; Schmidt & Ferraris Jr, 1985).…”

“…Meristic and morphometric data were collected according to Carvalho and Reis (2009), and Hubbs and Lagler (2006). Plate series counts followed Garavello (2002), andLehmann et al (2020). Measurements were obtained with a digital calliper, under a stereomicroscope, on the left side of the specimens whenever possible, and recorded in millimetres.…”

“…Currently, 21 valid species are registered in freshwater ecoregions that drain the north‐east, approximately 56% of those described for the genus to date (Figure 1). In the four ecoregions in the Caatinga domain of north‐eastern Brazil, six species have been described in the last decade: Parotocinclus cabessadecuia Ramos, Lima & Ramos, 2017 in the Maranhão‐Piauí ecoregion, P. seridoensis Ramos, Barros‐Neto, Britski & Lima, 2013 in the mid‐north‐eastern Caatinga ecoregion, P. robustus Lehmann & Reis, 2012 in the São Francisco ecoregion and four species in the north‐eastern Atlantic Forest, P. jequi Lehmann, Braun, Pereira & Reis, 2013, P. adamanteus Pereira et al ., 2019, P. jacumirim Silva‐Junior et al ., 2020 and Parotocinclus nandae Lehmann et al ., 2020 (Fricke et al ., 2021; Lima et al ., 2017). Among the species described, the only threatened species of the genus is Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941), endemic to Caatinga, in the Rio Jaguaribe basin, Ceará State, assessed as Endangered following the IUCN criteria (ICMBio, 2018; Ramos et al ., 2016).…”

“…Parotocinclus is the most diverse genus of the subfamily, and in the last decade a total of 14 species were described, more than one species per year, encompassing 38 species of the genus (Fricke et al, 2021;Lehmann et al, 2020;Lehmann & Reis, 2012;Pereira et al, 2019;Silva-Junior et al, 2020). Currently, 21 valid species are registered in freshwater ecoregions that drain the north-east, approximately 56% of those described for the genus to date (Figure 1).…”