Paraben Toxicology

Af, Fransway; Pj, Fransway; Dv, Belsito; Ja, Yiannias

doi:10.1097/der.0000000000000428

Cited by 90 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Th ere is still no solid evidence for these claims. Studies have shown that the toxicological potential increases with the increase of the side chain length and with benzoic ring presence [19,20]. As methyl and propyl derivatives have been detected in this study, side eff ects are expected to be exclusively local irritation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

The significance of dosage forms for pharmacovigilance in the case of topical corticosteroids

Todorović¹,

Goločorbin-Kon²,

Pavlović³

et al. 2019

Hosp Pharm Int Multi J

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Introduction: In addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), excipients and the pharmaceutical dosage form can also aff ect the overall eff ect of pharmacotherapy. Knowledge about these eff ects is not important only from the aspect of drug effi cacy, but also from the aspect of pharmacovigilance. Materials and Methods: This paper presents secondary academic study results. Data on the dosage form and content of excipients were taken from SmPC documents on the offi cial website of Medicines and Medical Devices Agency of Serbia. The presence of excipients with known eff ect (EKE) and their labeling was considered in accordance with the national and European regulations regarding this area. Results: We analyzed a total of 50 medicines for topical administration that are registered in Serbia. These all contained corticosteroids as API. Thirty-fi ve (70 %) of them had one or more EKE. Creams had the highest number of diff erent EKE per drug (3.25). Five out of seven identifi ed EKE have the preservative function in formulations, which could be avoided by extemporaneous drug production. The labeling of these compounds was in accordance with the regulations in most drugs. Conclusions: The cause of an adverse drug reaction should be considered in a wider context and all the drug ingredients should be taken into account. In case of topical corticosteroids, over two third of drugs have the potential to cause adverse drug reactions that are non-API-related.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

The significance of dosage forms for pharmacovigilance in the case of topical corticosteroids

Todorović¹,

Goločorbin-Kon²,

Pavlović³

et al. 2019

Hosp Pharm Int Multi J

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“…Parabens are widely used as preservatives and bactericides in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and some food products [113][114][115]. Several studies have reported on the adverse health effects of parabens, including their endocrine disrupting and obesogenic activities [116][117][118][119]. However, there are few data available regarding the effects of parabens on the microbiota.…”

Section: Parabensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disruptors in Food: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases

et al. 2020

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Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) have been associated with the increased incidence of metabolic disorders. In this work, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to identify the current knowledge of the interactions between EDCs in food, the gut microbiota, and metabolic disorders in order to shed light on this complex triad. Exposure to EDCs induces a series of changes including microbial dysbiosis and the induction of xenobiotic pathways and associated genes, enzymes, and metabolites involved in EDC metabolism. The products and by-products released following the microbial metabolism of EDCs can be taken up by the host; therefore, changes in the composition of the microbiota and in the production of microbial metabolites could have a major impact on host metabolism and the development of diseases. The remediation of EDC-induced changes in the gut microbiota might represent an alternative course for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.

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“…The mechanism of xenoestrogenicity of parabens is not well understood. Paraben esters are rapidly metabolized in vivo to the relatively inactive metabolite pHBA, and to what extent micromolar concentrations of parabens disturb normal estrogen activity or function as mimicker in vivo is unknown (38). One hypothesis relates the potential biologic activity to the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (estrogen and androgen-converting enzyme), at micromolar concentrations that would increase conversion of estradiol to the weaker estrone (20).…”

Section: Parabens and Reported Findings Of Their Toxicity -Two Sides mentioning

confidence: 99%

The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays

2020

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Effects of paraben toxicity, i.e., endocrine-disruption properties, are in the focus of researchers for decades, but still – they are a hot subject of debate. Parabens are aliphatic esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which are widely used as antimicrobial agents for the preservation of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. Mostly used parabens are methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butylparaben. Although the toxicity of parabens is reported in animals and in in vitro studies, it cannot be taken for granted when discussing hazards for human health due to an unrealistic exposure -safety profile. Many studies have demonstrated that parabens are non-teratogenic, non-mutagenic, non-carcinogenic and the real evidence for their toxicity in humans has not been established. For now, methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben are considered safe for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals within the recommended range of doses. Regarding alternatives for parabens, a variety of approaches have been proposed, but every substitute would need to be tested rigorously for toxicity and safety.

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Paraben Toxicology

Cited by 90 publications

References 132 publications

The significance of dosage forms for pharmacovigilance in the case of topical corticosteroids

The significance of dosage forms for pharmacovigilance in the case of topical corticosteroids

Endocrine Disruptors in Food: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases

The controversies of parabens – an overview nowadays

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