Background Rapid spread of COVID-19 forced the public to turn to community pharmacies as the most accessible points of primary healthcare, overloading pharmacy services. The objectives of this research were to detect and describe the changes in work environment of community pharmacists in Vojvodina during the state of emergency due to COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic effects on job related stress were assessed. Methods Community pharmacists from Vojvodina completed an online questionnaire on work environment changes related to COVID-19 (cross-sectional study). Results Out of the 1574 licenced pharmacists in Vojvodina, 392 completed the survey. Workload increase, reported by 90.8% of pharmacists, was caused mostly by higher demand for safety equipment, antiseptics and disinfectants, dietary products and medicines. Most pharmacists (93.1%) considered pharmacy workflow to be more complex than before the pandemic. Clients’ behavior was described as less pleasant since the start of the pandemic by 67.6% of the community pharmacists. Many were concerned for their health and the health of their families (68.9%). Community pharmacists rated their stress levels higher if they i) were working in larger chains, ii) experienced clients’ behavior as less pleasant or/and iii) were concerned for their/their family health. Conclusions Current research pointed out the need for a more robust healthcare system which would allow rapid introduction of new activities and roles for community pharmacists that could possibly decrease job-related stress. Legal steps to improve the work environment in community pharmacies are necessary and urgent in order to fully utilize their skills and knowledge.
The powder flow plays an important role in the manufacture of dosage form such as direct compression tablets. The objective of this research was to investigate the individual and interaction effects of magnesium stearate (MgSt) (Merck Ltd., Germany) as lubricant and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) (Primojel®) as superdesintegrator on powder flowability. Powder formulations were prepared by mixing different concentration of MgSt (0.25% and 5%) and SSG (0.5% and 4%) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (Vivapur®101) or spray-dried lactose (LAC) (Super Tab 21AN) as diluents. Eight powder formulations were prepared using as filler LAC and MCC, as superdesintegrator SSG and as lubricant MgSt in ratios as follows:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic and one group of patients has developed a severe form of COVID-19 pneumonia with an urgent need for hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic role of MDW, CRP, procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The primary outcome of interest is the 28 day mortality of ICU patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and sepsis (according to Sepsis 3 criteria with acute change in SOFA score ≥ 2 points). Patients were divided into two groups according to survival on the 28th day after admission to the ICU. Every group was divided into two subgroups (women and men). Nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney) for variables age, PCT, lactate, and MDW were lower than alpha p < 0.05, so there was a significant difference between survived and deceased patients. The Chi-square test confirmed statistically significant higher values of MDW and lactate in the non-survivor group. We found a significant association between MDW, lactate, procalcitonin, and fatal outcome, higher values were reported in the deceased group.
Универзитет у Београду, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања 3 "Life active health club", Београд ПРОБЛЕМ ДЕХИДРАТАЦИЈЕ НАКОН ЧАСА ФИЗИЧКОГ ВАСПИТАЊА И НАВИКЕ ЗА УЗИМАЊЕМ ТЕЧНОСТИ КОД УЧЕНИКА 8. РАЗРЕДА-ПИЛОТ ИСТРАЖИВАЊЕ Сажетак Циљ овог рада је био да се испита да ли час физичког васпитања може проузроковати ниво дехидратације који према великом броју аутора изазива пад когнитивних и радних способности. Према досадашњим сазнањима промене су уочљиве када је ниво дехидратације већ 1-2% губитка телесне масе. Поред тога, требало је утврдити да ли испитаници имају сметње узроковане дехидратациjом и какве су им навике за узимањем течности. Испитивањем је обухваћено 28 ученика 8. разреда једне основне школе у Београду, старости 14.8±0.39 година. Анализа структуре тела, телесне масе и садржаја воде спроведена је анализатором "InBody 370", а затим је уследио час физичког васпитања када је, као организационо-методичка форма рада, коришћен рад са станицама. После часа ученицима је мерена телесна маса. Разлика у телесној маси пре и после часа представљала је изгубљену течност из организма на основу чега је одређен проценат дехидратације. Т-тестом за зависне узорке добијена је високо значајна разлика (p=0.000) у телесној маси пре и после часа. Код 86% ученика, проценат дехидратације је износио више од 1% ТМ (просечна вредност 1.20%±0.22%). Ови резултати указују да час физичког васпитања код већине наших ученика може проузроковати ниво дехидратације који, према великом броју аутора, изазива слабљење различитих (највише когнитивних) способности, што може довести до сметњи на настави која следи након часа физичког васпитања. Резултати упитника су показали да већина ученика (68%) уноси течност само када осети жеђ, док 25% уопште не уноси течност за време физичке активности. Највећи број ученика (43%) осећа недостатак концентрације, умор, поспаност или безвољност на часовима који следе после часа физичког васпитања. Понекада се ово стање јавља код 39% ученика док само 18% не осећа никакаве промене. Јасно је да је потребно решавати проблем недовољне хидратације код ученика током наставе у школи.
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