Papulosa amerospora accommodated in a new family (Papulosaceae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) inferred from morphological and molecular data

Abstract

To investigate the systematic position of the unitunicate pyrenomycete Papulosa amerospora, we performed phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequences from 37 ascomycetes. Among these sequences were some new ones from taxa that might be related to Papulosa: Hyponectriaceae (Hyponectria buxi, Monographe#a niva#s), Phyllachorales (Phyllachora graminis), and Xylariales (Barrmaelia melanotes, Poronia punctata). Our results showed 100% bootstrap support for a clade of all unitunicate pyrenomycetes, the class Sordariomycetes. We also found strong support for recognizing the subclasses Hypocreomycetidae and Xylariomycetidae. The remaining taxa, belonging to subclass Sordariomycetidae, appeared as a polyphyletic group in one analysis, but was monophyletic when shorter SSU sequences were used. Barrmaelia melanotes, Poronia punctata, Hyponectria buxi, and Monographe/la nivalis are members of Xylariomycetidae, but we could not determine whether Monographella should be included in Hyponectriaceae. The new family Papulosaceae is erected for Papulosa on molecular and morphological bases, but the exact systematic position of Papulosa within subclass Sordariomycetidae is still uncertain, since the genus did not cluster consistently with any of the included taxa. Phyllachorales are not closely related to Diaporthales, as previously suggested.Key Words--Ascomycota; evolution; pyrenomycetes; systematics. Juncus roemerianusScheele is an important halophyte in salt marshes along the mid Atlantic coast of the U.S.A. Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer discovered that culms of this species were inhabited by many undescribed marine and terrestrial ascomycetes (e.g., Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, 1993;Kohlmeyer et al., 1995;. Several species deviated from other ascomycetes in important morphological traits and were difficult to place in the ascomycete system. One such species was Papulosa amerospora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. (Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, 1993), a unitunicate pyrenomycete with perithecia immersed in lower parts of senescent culms and with asci having an apical amyloid ring. Lateral paraphyses line the inner surface of the Iocule, and the peridium consists of an outer layer of cells with small lumina and an inner layer of cells with larger lumina, forming a textura angularis. Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer could not place this new genus and species with certainty into any order or family. They found that a key by ML~ller and yon Arx (1973) lead to Diaporthaceae (i.e. Valsaceae) and one by Barr (1990) to Diaporthales. However, the important features of that order, as circumscribed by Barr in 1978 (e.g. pseudoparenchymatous centrum, peridium of textufa epidermoidea, non-amyloid ring in the asci, absence of paraphyses) deviated very much from Papulosa amerospora, and the genus could not be included in that order even if it was conceived wider (sensu Cannon, 1988) to include the Phyllachorales. The authors, therefore, placed the genus in the group "Unitunicate ascomycetes incertae sedis" (Eriksson and Hawksworth, 1991).We h...

Togninia(Calosphaeriales) is confirmed as teleomorph ofPhaeoacremoniumby means of morphology, sexual compatibility and DNA phylogeny

“…Members of this family generally are characterized by hav-ing long, hairy necks and septate ascospores (Kirk et al 2001). The family is considered to be close to the Diaporthales (Winka and Eriksson 2000). The Togninia teleomorphs of Phaeoacremonium differ strongly from those of other Magnaporthaceous fungi.…”

Phylogeny of the order Phyllachorales (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes): among and within order relationships based on five molecular loci

“…Molecular phylogenetic studies including members of the Phyllachorales are infrequent, mainly because it is difficult to obtain cultures of these biotrophic fungi. The existing molecular studies indicate, without support and with a limited sampling, that the order might be related to Sordariales or Boliniales ( Winka & Eriksson 2000 , Wanderlei-Silva et al 2003 , Inderbitzin et al 2004 , Trampe 2010 ). A recent large-scale phylogenetic study confirms the position of Phyllachorales in the subclass Sordariomycetidae with high support ( Maharachchikumbura et al 2015 ).…”

<I>Pisorisporiales</I>, a new order of aquatic and terrestrial fungi for <I>Achroceratosphaeria</I> and <I>Pisorisporium</I> gen. nov. in the <I>Sordariomycetes</I>

“…Other nonstromatic freshwater fungi are placed in the Sordariomycetidae in the Annulatascaceae ( Wong et al 1998 , Ho & Hyde 2000 , Campbell & Shearer 2004 ) and in other numerous small or monotypic genera of uncertain position ( Hyde et al 1997 , 1999 , 2000 , Ho et al 1999 , Ranghoo et al 2000 , 2001 , Raja et al 2003 , Vijaykrishna et al 2005 , Zelski et al 2011a , b , Ferrer et al 2012 , Liu et al 2012 ). The family Papulosaceae placed in the Sordariomycetidae originally comprised a single species growing on saltmarsh plants ( Winka & Eriksson 2000 ). Based on molecular sequence data, the two freshwater genera Brunneosporella and Fluminicola ( Wong et al 1999 , Ranghoo et al 2001 ) were shown to be closely related to Papulosa ( Réblová 2013 ).…”