Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors

Gao, Kezheng; Shao, Ziqiang; Wu, Xuerui; Wang, Xi; Zhang, Yunhua; Wang, Wenjun; Wang, Feijun

doi:10.1039/c3nr00674c

Cited by 99 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…SI Figure S4 contains a reproduction of Figure 2D indicating the authors of the literature data, which weren't included for clarity. 61 The literature data in Figure 2D which sits ahead of our PEDOT:PSS data in the low transmittance regime (Gao et al 28 and Nam et al…”

Section: Electrochemical Properties Of Small Area Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst examples of the former are presently scarce, 16 significant efforts are underway to develop transparent/flexible SCs. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The electrode materials under investigation for this purpose are numerous, including carbon nanotubes, 27,[32][33] graphene, 21,29,34 transition metal oxides 17, 19-20, 23, 25 and conducting polymers. 17,22,30 In some transparent SC reports, the capacitive charge storage materials have been supported by an underlying transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO) layer to provide efficient current collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avoiding Resistance Limitations in High-Performance Transparent Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Large-Area, High-Conductivity PEDOT:PSS Films

Higgins

Coleman

2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

140

134

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This work describes the potential of thin, spray-deposited, large-area poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymer films for use as transparent supercapacitor electrodes. To facilitate this, we provide a detailed explanation of the factors limiting the performance of such electrodes. These films have a very low optical conductivity of σop = 24 S/cm (at 550 nm), crucial for this application, and a reasonable volumetric capacitance of C V = 41 F/cm3. Secondary doping with formic acid gives these films a DC conductivity of σDC = 936 S/cm, allowing them to perform both as a transparent conductor/current collector and transparent supercapacitor electrode. Small-area films (A ∼ 1 cm2) display measured areal capacitance as high as 1 mF/cm2, even for reasonably transparent electrodes (T ∼ 80%). However, in real devices, the absolute capacitance will be maximized by increasing the device area. As such, here, we measure the electrode performance as a function of its length and width. We find that the measured areal capacitance falls dramatically with scan rate and sample length but is independent of width. We show that this is because the measured areal capacitance is limited by the electrical resistance of the electrode. We have derived an equation for the measured areal capacitance as a function of scan rate and electrode lateral dimensions that fits the data extremely well up to scan rates of ∼1000 mV/s (corresponding to charge/discharge times > 0.6 s). These results are self-consistent with independent analysis of the electrical and impedance properties of the electrodes. These results can be used to find limiting combinations of electrode length and scan rate, beyond which electrode performance falls dramatically. We use these insights to build large-area (∼100 cm2) supercapacitors using electrodes that are 95% transparent, providing a capacitance of ∼12 mF (at 50 mV/s), significantly higher than that of any previously reported transparent supercapacitor.

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Section: Electrochemical Properties Of Small Area Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding Resistance Limitations in High-Performance Transparent Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Large-Area, High-Conductivity PEDOT:PSS Films

Higgins

Coleman

2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

140

134

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“…Recently, interest in making transparent and flexible EDLCs has risen due to several applications in displays, touch sensors, photovoltaics, OLED, etc., which hold promise to change the way we use electronics. Carbon nanotubes and other carbon materials can be used to fabricate electrodes for these novel transparent and flexible EDLC (Table 1) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, to achieve high optical transparency one should use ultrathin films, which limits the conductivity of the electrodes and sets a requirement for a very high mass specific capacitance to achieve adequate performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent and flexible high-performance supercapacitors based on single-walled carbon nanotube films

Kanninen

Luong

et al. 2016

Nanotechnology

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Transparent and flexible energy storage devices have gathered great interest due to their suitability for display, sensor and photovoltaic applications. In this paper, we report the application of aerosol synthesized and dry deposited single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films as electrodes for electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). SWCNT films exhibit extremely large specific capacitance (178 F g -1 or 552 µF cm -2 ), high optical transparency (92%) and stability for 10000 charge/discharge cycles. A transparent and flexible EDLC prototype is constructed with a polyethylene casing and a gel electrolyte.

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“…The energy storage devices present a significant challenge for developing a robust deformable system since they must be seamlessly integrated with deformable functional devices and energy supplies with similar mechanical characteristics, including linear deformability (that is, stretchability and compressibility), bendability and twistability. For bending deformation, many thin-film-based energy solutions such as supercapacitors [8][9][10][11] and batteries 10,[12][13][14][15][16] have been developed that take advantage of the inherently small strains (usually less than 1%) near the mechanical neutral planes 17 . Recently, a handful of efforts have been undertaken to develop stretchable energy sources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origami lithium-ion batteries

et al. 2014

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There are significant challenges in developing deformable devices at the system level that contain integrated, deformable energy storage devices. Here we demonstrate an origami lithium-ion battery that can be deformed at an unprecedented high level, including folding, bending and twisting. Deformability at the system level is enabled using rigid origami, which prescribes a crease pattern such that the materials making the origami pattern do not experience large strain. The origami battery is fabricated through slurry coating of electrodes onto paper current collectors and packaging in standard materials, followed by folding using the Miura pattern. The resulting origami battery achieves significant linear and areal deformability, large twistability and bendability. The strategy described here represents the fusion of the art of origami, materials science and functional energy storage devices, and could provide a paradigm shift for architecture and design of flexible and curvilinear electronics with exceptional mechanical characteristics and functionalities.

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Paper-based transparent flexible thin film supercapacitors

Cited by 99 publications

References 39 publications

Avoiding Resistance Limitations in High-Performance Transparent Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Large-Area, High-Conductivity PEDOT:PSS Films

Avoiding Resistance Limitations in High-Performance Transparent Supercapacitor Electrodes Based on Large-Area, High-Conductivity PEDOT:PSS Films

Transparent and flexible high-performance supercapacitors based on single-walled carbon nanotube films

Origami lithium-ion batteries

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