Oxidative Stress Induced by Lead in Chloroplast of Spinach

Xiao, Wei; Huang, Hao; Liu, Xiaoqing; Chen, Liang; Liu, Chao; Su, Mingyu; Hong, Fashui

doi:10.1007/s12011-008-8195-7

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Chlorosis and necrosis occurs presumably because of damage to photosynthetic pigments as a result of decreased production of chlorophyll a and b as increased exposure to Pb -1 reached 1,500 mg kg (Pandey et al 2007;Wang et al 2011). The decrease of chlorophyll production occurs as a result of Mg ions takeover by heavy metal ions which would inhibit the synthesis of chlorophyll by inhibition of synthesis enzyme activity (Pflugmacher et al 1999;Xiao et al 2008;Wang et al 2011). Roots damage is possible due to the rapid inhibition of root growth, because of the inhibition of cell division in the root tip with the immobilization of Pb ions in the cell wall (Jiang & Liu 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Acid Characteristics and Tolerance of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L Nielsen) to Lead

Setyaningsih

Setiadi

Sopandie

et al. 2012

jtfm

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This study aimed to find out the lead tolerance of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) seedling based on growth performance, tolerance index, and secretion and accumulation of organic acids content. Seedlings were exposed to lead (Pb) with the concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 5, and 10 mM in liquid nutrient culture for 4 days in order to investigate secretion and accumulation of oxalic, malic, and citric content, and for 15 days to examine growth performance and tolerance index. The result showed that tolerance index and growth performance of sengon seedling were insignificant to the rising of Pb concentration up to 1.5 mM with tolerance index at least 95%, and even caused an increase of fresh weight. However, the tolerance index and growth of sengon decreased significantly due to Pb exposure of 5 and 10 mM. Among the three organic acids, citrate was most dominant as compared to malate and oxalate. Secretion of citrate increased significantly with the rising concentration-1 of Pb 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM, reaching to 0.464, 0.540, and 0.587 µg m , respectively, or rising according linear line (r = 0.9, p < 0.5). Citrate accumulation showed inconsistent pattern with the rising Pb exposure. The result suggested that sengon seedling have a slightly tolerance to lead by secretion of organic acid especially citric acid.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Acid Characteristics and Tolerance of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L Nielsen) to Lead

Setyaningsih

Setiadi

Sopandie

et al. 2012

jtfm

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“…According to the USA Environmental Protection Agency, Pb is one of the most common heavy metal contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and can have adverse effects on growth and metabolism of plants due to direct release into the atmosphere [1]. There have been many reports of Pb toxicity in plants [2], including disturbance and toxicity of mitosis and nucleoli [3,4], inhibition of root and shoot growth [5], induction of leaf chlorosis [6], reduction in photosynthesis [7] and inhibition and activation of enzymatic activities [5,8,9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pb-induced cellular defense system in the root meristematic cells of Allium sativum L

2010

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BackgroundElectron microscopy (EM) techniques enable identification of the main accumulations of lead (Pb) in cells and cellular organelles and observations of changes in cell ultrastructure. Although there is extensive literature relating to studies on the influence of heavy metals on plants, Pb tolerance strategies of plants have not yet been fully explained. Allium sativum L. is a potential plant for absorption and accumulation of heavy metals. In previous investigations the effects of different concentrations (10-5 to 10-3 M) of Pb were investigated in A. sativum, indicating a significant inhibitory effect on shoot and root growth at 10-3 to 10-4 M Pb. In the present study, we used EM and cytochemistry to investigate ultrastructural alterations, identify the synthesis and distribution of cysteine-rich proteins induced by Pb and explain the possible mechanisms of the Pb-induced cellular defense system in A. sativum.ResultsAfter 1 h of Pb treatment, dictyosomes were accompanied by numerous vesicles within cytoplasm. The endoplasm reticulum (ER) with swollen cisternae was arranged along the cell wall after 2 h. Some flattened cisternae were broken up into small closed vesicles and the nuclear envelope was generally more dilated after 4 h. During 24-36 h, phenomena appeared such as high vacuolization of cytoplasm and electron-dense granules in cell walls, vacuoles, cytoplasm and mitochondrial membranes. Other changes included mitochondrial swelling and loss of cristae, and vacuolization of ER and dictyosomes during 48-72 h. In the Pb-treatment groups, silver grains were observed in cell walls and in cytoplasm, suggesting the Gomori-Swift reaction can indirectly evaluate the Pb effects on plant cells.ConclusionsCell walls can immobilize some Pb ions. Cysteine-rich proteins in cell walls were confirmed by the Gomori-Swift reaction. The morphological alterations in plasma membrane, dictyosomes and ER reflect the features of detoxification and tolerance under Pb stress. Vacuoles are ultimately one of main storage sites of Pb. Root meristematic cells of A. sativum exposed to lower Pb have a rapid and effective defense system, but with the increased level of Pb in the cytosol, cells were seriously injured.

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“…The inability to scavenge O 2 •– radicals by SOD caused lipid peroxidation, and thus a high TBARS content was detected. Previous studies showed that this trend in plants exposed to heavy metal stress is related to the heavy metal threshold and may cause a decrease in SOD enzyme activity depending on the increasing concentration . This suggests that exposure to Cu has a strong effect on the maize chloroplast.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Alter the PSII Photochemistry, Photosystem-Related Gene Expressions, and Chloroplastic Antioxidant System in Zea mays under Copper Toxicity

Nur

Arikan

Özfidan-Konakçi

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A critical approach against copper (Cu) toxicity is the use of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs). However, the effect of CNMs on Cu toxicity-exposed chloroplasts is not clear. The photosynthetic, genetic, and biochemical effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (50–100–250 mg L–1 CNT) were investigated under Cu stress (50–100 μM CuSO4) in Zea mays chloroplasts. Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo were suppressed under stress. Stress altered the antioxidant system and the expression of psaA, psaB, psbA, and psbD. The chloroplastic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased under CNT + stress, and those of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation decreased. CNTs were promoted to the maintenance of the redox state by regulating enzyme/non-enzyme activity/contents involved in the AsA-GSH cycle. Furthermore, CNTs inverted the negative effects of Cu by upregulating the transcriptions of photosystem-related genes. However, the high CNT concentration had adverse effects on the antioxidant capacity. CNT has great potential to confer tolerance by reducing Cu-induced damage and protecting the biochemical reactions of photosynthesis.

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Oxidative Stress Induced by Lead in Chloroplast of Spinach

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Organic Acid Characteristics and Tolerance of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L Nielsen) to Lead

Organic Acid Characteristics and Tolerance of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L Nielsen) to Lead

Pb-induced cellular defense system in the root meristematic cells of Allium sativum L

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Alter the PSII Photochemistry, Photosystem-Related Gene Expressions, and Chloroplastic Antioxidant System in Zea mays under Copper Toxicity

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