Overweight and obesity vs. simple carbohydrates consumption by elderly people suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system

Abstract

Introduction. The number of cyclists increases each year. Some people treat cycling as a passion and practice it at every possible occasion, while for others it is a mean of transport or a form of relaxation at the weekend. However, very few people realize that cycling can also have a negative impact on their health. Objective. To assess the prevalence of lower extremity and spine pain in cyclists, and evaluate the influence of various factors causing it. Materials and method. The study was performed on 167 subjects during amateur cycling competitions in the Greater Poland and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Provinces. A specially prepared questionnaire was used in the study. The questions related to the pain caused by cycling, the character and the localization of the pain, and the presence of warm-up and stretching. Results. Knee pain was reported in 40% of the study subjects (mostly anterior pain -26%). Spine pain was reported in 41% of the studied athletes, where 26% was related with the lumbar spine. Variables, such as age, weight, age, BMI, training experience and number of hours devoted to training per week had no influence on the incidence and the localization of leg pain, but it had influence in the case of spine pain. Stretching after cycling was the factor which significantly distinguished the studied groups with regard to the incidence of knee pain. Conclusions. The most common type of leg pain was knee pain (anterior knee pain) whereas spine pain was most commonly reported in the lumbar spine. Statistical analysis showed that spine pain is more often reported by people who are older, have higher weight, and people who spend more time training per week. Warm-up and stretching after cycling are recommended to cyclists who experience pain.

Roles of Sedentary Behaviors and Unhealthy Foods in Increasing the Obesity Risk in Adult Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional National Study

“…Those who had a higher intake of refined carbohydrates also had a higher prevalence ratio of obesity; however, the interaction between gender and refined carbohydrates intake showed a negative multiplicative interaction. Some other related studies showed that sweet foods and beverages were significant risk factors for obesity [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. It was also found in one study that one additional spoonful of sugar consumed every day increased the risk of being overweight and obese by about 14% [ 33 ].…”

“…Some other related studies showed that sweet foods and beverages were significant risk factors for obesity [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. It was also found in one study that one additional spoonful of sugar consumed every day increased the risk of being overweight and obese by about 14% [ 33 ]. In contrast, our study did not show a significant association between sweet foods and beverages and obesity.…”

Risk factor assessment for breast cancer in North Cyprus: a comprehensive case-control study of Turkish Cypriot women

“…High sugar consumption in addition to inactive lifestyle is also associated with the higher prevalence of obesity (31). An additional spoon of sugar consumed daily is thought to be associated with 14% increased risk of being overweight or obese (32). Sugars are found to enhance cell proliferation and migration, induce DNA damage, and increase inflammation (33).…”

Tidak ada korelasi antara asupan karbohidrat sederhana, lemak jenuh, dan tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi pada remaja dengan kegemukan dan obesitas

“…7 Kelompok masyarakat yang gemuk dan obesitas memiliki kecenderungan lebih sering mengkonsumsi makanan manis dibandingkan yang kelompok masyarakat yang memiliki berat badan ideal. 8 Yang menarik bahwa asupan lemak jenuh berhubungan dengan penurunan profil VLDL jika asupan karbohidrat terkendali. 9 Asupan makan, aktivitas fisik, perilaku sedentari, dan faktor genetik merupakan beberapa dari sekian banyak kemungkinan penyebab dari obesitas.…”