Osteogenic and antibacterial properties of vancomycin-laden mesoporous bioglass/PLGA composite scaffolds for bone regeneration in infected bone defects

Abstract

Chronic osteomyelitis and infected bone defects are substantial challenges faced by orthopaedic surgeons. In this study, vancomycin was loaded into mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) to form a local antibiotic delivery system and then a bone tissue-engineering scaffold combining MBG and poly-(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was prepared by freeze-drying fabrication. In vitro degradation and water contact angle analysis suggested that the MBG-incorporated PLGA scaffold exhibited controlled degradability, stabilizing the pH of the surrounding environment and improved the hydrophilicity. Moreover, the presence of MBG provides a well-interconnected pore structure, to which human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can attach, spread and proliferate, promoting upregulation of the expression of osteogenic markers. Thus, MBG/PLGA scaffolds exhibit better cytocompatibility and osteoblastic difierentiation properties compared with pure PLGA scaffolds. Vancomycin-loaded scaffolds have been found to yield sustained release that lasts for more than eight weeks in vitro. We tested the antibacterial performance of vancomycin-loaded scaffolds against Staphylococcus aureus, the most common bacteria isolated from infected bone. In vitro experiments demonstrated that loading vancomycin onto the scaffold promoted antibacterial activity and inhibited biofilm formation without deleterious effect on cytocompatibility. In conclusion, the novel inorganic-organic composites are considered potential materials for the treatment of infected bone defects.

Developments in Antibiotic-Eluting Scaffolds for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis

“…Theoretically, composites can incorporate any number of the above materials. They have even been made with other antimicrobials such as bioactive glass and various metal ions [76,77]. The relative proportions of each constituent material can drastically change features such as the drug release profile, bacterial inhibition zone and ultimately, the outcome in vivo [77,78].…”

Injectable calcium phosphate scaffold with iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance osteogenesis via dental pulp stem cells

“…Furthermore, the cost is increasing dramatically as the population ages [2]. Tissue engineering approaches offer immense potential to enhance the repair and regeneration efficacy and reduce the costs [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Bone tissue engineering involves the use of biomaterials and cells.…”

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Complex Bone Diseases: Bone Cancer, Bone Infection and Osteoporosis

“…The advantages over using bare scaffolds are increased antibiotic loading capacity or controlled drug release, among others [190]. Examples of this approximation are the incorporation of silica-based mesoporous glasses in PLGA (poly-(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)) [191] or MSNs in porous collagen gelatin [192] for the controlled release of vancomycin against bone infection. In addition, MSNs-loaded scaffolds allow the co-delivery of therapeutic compounds.…”

“…[187] MSNs-loaded scaffolds for the co-delivery of cephalexin and vascular endothelial growth factor; [193] Vancomycin-loaded silica-based mesoporous glasses contained in PLGA scaffolds; [191] Vancomycin-loaded MSNs contained in collagen gelatin scaffolds; [192] 5. Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Osteoporosis…”