Oral microbiome contributes to the failure of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs)

Abstract

Background The stability of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) is critical in orthodontic clinics. The failure of TADs is multifactorial, and the role of the oral microbiome has not been clearly defined. Herein, we attempted to analyze the contribution of the oral microbiome to the failure of TADs. Methods Next-generation sequencing was adopted for analyzing the microbiome on the TADs from orthodontic patients. 29 TADs (15 failed TADs and 14 successful TADs) were used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 135 TADs (62 failed TADs and 73 successful TADs) were collected to conduct metagenomic sequencing. Additionally, 34 verified samples (18 failed TADs and 16 successful TADs) were collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR). Results Successful and failed TADs demonstrated discrepancies in microbiome structure, composition, and function. Clear separations were found in β-diversity in 16S rRNA gene sequencing as well as metagenomic sequencing (p < 0.05). Metagenomic sequencing showed that Prevotella intermedia, Eikenella corrodens, Parvimonas spp., Neisseria elongata, and Catonella morbi were enriched in the failed groups. qRT-PCR also demonstrated that the absolute bacteria load of Prevotella intermedia was higher in failed TADs (p < 0.05). Considering functional aspects, the failed group showed enriched genes involved in flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, and oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions This study illustrated the compositional and functional differences of microorganisms found on successful and failed TADs, indicating that controlling bacterial adhesion on the surface of TADs is essential for their success rate.

Analysis of oral microbiome on temporary anchorage devices under different periodontal conditions

“…The virulence factors of these microorganisms and their production of toxic metabolites might trigger the host inflammatory response, including the release of cytokines, and chemokines as well as the emigration of inflammatory cells [ 6 ]. Another research has already demonstrated oral microbiome dysbiosis contribute to the failure of TADs [ 38 ]. The result of our study reminds orthodontists to be fully aware of potential risks when applying TADs to periodontitis patients seeking orthodontic treatments.…”

The Orthodontic Mini-Implants Failures Based on Patient Outcomes: Systematic Review

“…Therefore, microorganisms inducing TAD failure might not be analogous to peri-implantitis. 48 Peri-implantitis is a polymicrobial disease caused by plaque accumulation and retention. 49 50 In the Zhao et al study, they found gram-negative species that could induce host inflammation, such as Eikenella corrodens, Neisseria elongata, Prevotella intermedia, and Citronella morbi around failed TAD.…”

“… 49 50 In the Zhao et al study, they found gram-negative species that could induce host inflammation, such as Eikenella corrodens, Neisseria elongata, Prevotella intermedia, and Citronella morbi around failed TAD. 48 …”

“…49,50 In the Zhao et al study, they found gram-negative species that could induce host inflammation, such as Eikenella corrodens, Neisseria elongata, Prevotella intermedia, and Citronella morbi around failed TAD. 48 Bone condition or quality is a critical factor affecting miniimplants' stability. 51 Kim et al stated, according to Misch, the maxillary alveolar bone is mainly composed of porous bone, corresponding to D3 or D4; meanwhile, the mandible has dense bone classified as D2 and D3.…”

Improvement of self-performed oral hygiene among patients with braces and micro-implants: approbation of specifically designed plaque-controlled regime

“…Nevertheless, effectiveness of micro-implant anchorage may be realized only if several conditions would be properly followed: dentist need to choose correct position for intra-osseus fi xture placement, implantation procedure should be provided in the most atraumatic manner, peri-implant microenvironment should support successive osteointegration and favorable primary stabilization, micro-implant itself should be produced out of biocompatible material [8,9]. Except above-mentioned factors proper oral care also remains vital component for successful micro-implant functioning, while adequate oral hygiene itself should be an obligatory condition of each ongoing orthodontic treatment [10,11].…”