Optical Forging of Graphene into Three-Dimensional Shapes

Johansson, Andreas; Myllyperkiö, Pasi; Koskinen, Pekka; Aumanen, Jukka; Koivistoinen, Juha; Tsai, Hung Chieh; Chen, Chia Hao; Chang, Lo Yueh; Hiltunen, Vesa-Matti; Manninen, Jyrki; Woon, Wei Yen; Pettersson, Mika

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03530

Cited by 32 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…28,47 Several reports demonstrated the impact of laser for decreasing sp 2 C=C bond and increment of C–C bond. 26,27 We observed a decrease of I G / I 2D ratio with higher power density, Figure 3c suggests an alteration in the hybrid state of sp 2 carbon atoms up to 50% at the highest power density as compared to the unirradiated graphene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Laser-Based Texturing of Graphene to Locally Tune Electrical Potential and Surface Chemistry

et al. 2018

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A simple procedure of producing three-dimensional blisters of graphene through irradiation of the visible range laser by Raman spectrometer has been presented. Fabrication of different volumes of the blisters and their characterization were carried out with Raman spectroscopy by tuning the irradiation dose. The produced blisters showed a consistency in altitude and a remarkable change in functionality, adhesion force map and local contact potential difference as compared to untreated monolayer graphene and naturally occurred graphene nanobubbles. Nevertheless, bilayer graphene is unaffected in the applied laser doses. The laser irradiation led to lattice expansion of carbon atoms and introduced oxygenic functional groups with the structural disorder. The internal pressure of the gaseous molecules was evaluated by monitoring the shape of the graphene blisters and nanobubbles. High-resolution Raman mapping showed the impact of laser-affected area and the defect density ( n d ) is reported as a function of displacement. Our results reveal ease of applicability of the Raman laser for the imaging and texturing of graphene pointing toward the possibility of the desirable and cost-effective laser writing at the submicron scale by tuning photochemistry of graphene which is pivotal for numerous applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Laser-Based Texturing of Graphene to Locally Tune Electrical Potential and Surface Chemistry

et al. 2018

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Section: Unique Advantages Of Laser Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Fabrication of Graphene‐Based Flexible Electronics

et al. 2019

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Recent years have witnessed the rise of graphene and its applications in various electronic devices. Specifically, featuring excellent flexibility, transparency, conductivity, and mechanical robustness, graphene has emerged as a versatile material for flexible electronics. In the past decade, facilitated by various laser processing technologies, including the laser‐treatment‐induced photoreduction of graphene oxides, flexible patterning, hierarchical structuring, heteroatom doping, controllable thinning, etching, and shock of graphene, along with laser‐induced graphene on polyimide, graphene has found broad applications in a wide range of electronic devices, such as power generators, supercapacitors, optoelectronic devices, sensors, and actuators. Here, the recent advancements in the laser fabrication of graphene‐based flexible electronic devices are comprehensively summarized. The various laser fabrication technologies that have been employed for the preparation, processing, and modification of graphene and its derivatives are reviewed. A thorough overview of typical laser‐enabled flexible electronic devices that are based on various graphene sources is presented. With the rapid progress that has been made in the research on graphene preparation methodologies and laser micronanofabrication technologies, graphene‐based electronics may soon undergo fast development.

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“… 26 , 27 One particularly promising, still mostly untapped technique is the so-called optical forging, which alone enables controlled and on-the-fly 3D shaping of graphene. 28 …”

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confidence: 99%

“…The blisters are hollow and not pressurized. 28 (b) Atomic force microscope image of blisters formed at progressively increasing irradiation time τ (numbers show τ in seconds; highest features are 60 nm). Blisters form at τ > 0.4 s, initially with one circular ripple, later with several ripples and a dome in the center.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The laser-induced isotropic expansion is introduced via the diagonal of the in-plane strain tensor as e αβ ( r ) = e αβ 0 ( r ) – δ αβ ε( r ), where ε( r ) is the expansion field and e αβ 0 ( r ) is the strain tensor of the unexpanded, pristine graphene. 28 The adhesion is modeled by the generic 12–6 Lennard-Jones potential. 37 This model was discretized, implemented in two computer codes (with and without circular symmetry), and used to optimize blister geometries for given ε 0 and adhesion energy ε adh .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optically Forged Diffraction-Unlimited Ripples in Graphene

Koskinen

Karppinen

Myllyperkiö

et al. 2018

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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In nanofabrication, just as in any other craft, the scale of spatial details is limited by the dimensions of the tool at hand. For example, the smallest details of direct laser writing with far-field light are set by the diffraction limit, which is approximately half of the used wavelength. In this work, we overcome this universal assertion by optically forging graphene ripples that show features with dimensions unlimited by diffraction. Thin sheet elasticity simulations suggest that the scaled-down ripples originate from the interplay between substrate adhesion, in-plane strain, and circular symmetry. The optical forging technique thus offers an accurate way to modify and shape 2D materials and facilitates the creation of controllable nanostructures for plasmonics, resonators, and nano-optics.

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Optical Forging of Graphene into Three-Dimensional Shapes

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Laser-Based Texturing of Graphene to Locally Tune Electrical Potential and Surface Chemistry

Laser-Based Texturing of Graphene to Locally Tune Electrical Potential and Surface Chemistry

Laser Fabrication of Graphene‐Based Flexible Electronics

Optically Forged Diffraction-Unlimited Ripples in Graphene

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