On the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate. Steady-state Reaction Temperatures and Reaction Rate

Feick, George; Hainer, R. M.

doi:10.1021/ja01651a096

Cited by 68 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Despite the Ozawa±Flynn±Wall method being less accurate than the Friedman method, the results con®rm its validity for the process under study. Several studies [17,19,20] on the kinetics and mechanisms of the thermal decomposition of AN have revealed that the main products N 2 O and H 2 O result from the exothermic decomposition reaction…”

Section: Isoconversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This coupling is both kinetic and thermal. The thermal behavior (endothermic or exothermic) that prevails in the overall process depends on several experimental factors [17,20]. In the absence of conditions favorable to the occurrence of an auto-catalytic regime and a consequent thermal run-away, the heat produced by the exothermic decomposition as well as heat supplied by an external source if exists may be absorbed by the dissociation reaction.…”

Section: Isoconversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Simões¹,

Pedroso²,

Portugal³

et al. 1998

Thermochimica Acta

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Ammonium nitrate (AN) has been extensively used both in explosive and propellant formulations. Unlike AN, there is a lack of information about the thermal decomposition and related kinetic analysis of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN). Simultaneous thermal analysis (DSC-TG) has been used in the thermal characterisation of a speci®c type of PSAN containing 1.0% of NiO (stabilizing agent) and 0.5% of Petro (anti-caking agent) as additives. Repeated runs covering the nominal heating rates range from 2.5 to 20 K min À1 allowed to conclude on the good reproducibility of the main features of the thermal behavior of PSAN, i.e., two phase transitions, melting and decomposition. Non-isothermal kinetic analysis has been used to estimated the Arrhenius parameters of the decomposition process by applying both a single curve method and two isoconversion methods to the TG data. The results are discussed considering the range of applicability of the methods as well as the in¯uence of the experimental conditions and/or techniques in the kinetic analysis results in a broader sense. A systematic approach based on the isoconversion methods results and statistical tools has been adopted to obtain reliable estimates of the Arrhenius parameters for the thermal decomposition of PSAN. Under the condition of study, the values of 81.4AE3.5 kJ mol À1 for the activation energy and (5.63AE0.01)Â10 5 s À1 for the pre-exponential factor were found as describing the process over a wide range of the kinetic analysis. # 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

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Section: Isoconversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isoconversion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Simões¹,

Pedroso²,

Portugal³

et al. 1998

Thermochimica Acta

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“…The stability of ammonium nitrate has been the object of several studies [127,128]. NH4NO3 does not start its well-known rapid, self-accelerating decomposition to N2O and water until heated to 260-280 °C.…”

Section: Atmospheric Reaction Of Ammonia and Nitric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Renard

Calidonna

Henley³

2004

Journal of Hazardous Materials

138

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“…0.001 mol l À1 aqueous solution, with 0.1 mol l À1 NaOH, at room temperature) [16]. On the other hand, when AN is heated two major reactions are involved [11,17,18]: the endothermic dissociation NH 4 NO 3 NH 3 HNO 3 (1) and the exothermic decomposition…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of solid mixtures of 2-oxy-4,6-dinitramine-s-triazine (DNAM) and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN)

et al. 2000

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The thermal decomposition of solid mixtures of 2-oxy-4,6-dinitramine-s-triazine (DNAM) and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) at different mass ratios has been studied. Simultaneous thermal analysis (DSC/TG) and thermomicroscopy have been used. It was found that PSAN promotes the lowering of the decomposition temperature of DNAM. The beginning of this process occurs when both components are in the solid state irrespective of the composition. However, the composition appears as the main factor determining the process progression once initiated. These observations are interpreted in the light of known properties of both DNAM and PSAN. Non-isothermal kinetic analysis, restricted to the early stage of the decomposition process, has been performed for the particular DNAM/PSAN ratios of 50/50 and 60/40. The complexity of the process is evidenced by the impossibility of being described by a kinetic model function other than an empirical one (Sestak± Berggren). Noticeable differences in the apparent Arrhenius parameters were found, indicating remarkable changes in the process over the composition range of the kinetic analysis. #

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On the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate. Steady-state Reaction Temperatures and Reaction Rate

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere?a review for applicability to hazardous releases

Thermal decomposition of solid mixtures of 2-oxy-4,6-dinitramine-s-triazine (DNAM) and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN)

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