Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters

Abstract

Ammonium nitrate (AN) has been extensively used both in explosive and propellant formulations. Unlike AN, there is a lack of information about the thermal decomposition and related kinetic analysis of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN). Simultaneous thermal analysis (DSC-TG) has been used in the thermal characterisation of a speci®c type of PSAN containing 1.0% of NiO (stabilizing agent) and 0.5% of Petro (anti-caking agent) as additives. Repeated runs covering the nominal heating rates range from 2.5 to 20 K min À1 allowed to conclude on the good reproducibility of the main features of the thermal behavior of PSAN, i.e., two phase transitions, melting and decomposition. Non-isothermal kinetic analysis has been used to estimated the Arrhenius parameters of the decomposition process by applying both a single curve method and two isoconversion methods to the TG data. The results are discussed considering the range of applicability of the methods as well as the in¯uence of the experimental conditions and/or techniques in the kinetic analysis results in a broader sense. A systematic approach based on the isoconversion methods results and statistical tools has been adopted to obtain reliable estimates of the Arrhenius parameters for the thermal decomposition of PSAN. Under the condition of study, the values of 81.4AE3.5 kJ mol À1 for the activation energy and (5.63AE0.01)Â10 5 s À1 for the pre-exponential factor were found as describing the process over a wide range of the kinetic analysis. # 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Thermal decomposition of solid mixtures of 2-oxy-4,6-dinitramine-s-triazine (DNAM) and phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN)

“…This pattern is in agreement with a recently reported study under comparable conditions on the thermal decomposition of DNAM [1]. A rather different thermal behavior is exhibited by PSAN, whose endothermic decomposition, that occurs in the approximate temperature range of 170±2708C, is preceded by the phase transitions IV 3 II and II 3 I with peak temperatures at 60 and 1258C, respectively, and melting starting approximately at 1508C [12].…”

“…Nevertheless, to get around the intrinsic problem of the low energy and low reactivity of either AN or PSAN, other solutions are necessary, being the partial replacement by other energetic components a possibility. The thermal decomposition of AN has been widely studied [4± 11], and some reported works on the particular cases of PSAN [12,13] and DNAM [1] are also available.…”

Synthesis of CuInS2 by Sulfide Ion‐Exchange of CuIn(OH)5 Precursors

“…Because the decomposition of nitrate continued to decrease until 600 C, annealing temperature of 500 C is not sufficient to leach out nitrate ions from as-prepared CuInS 2 compounds. 22,23 After annealing at 500 C, there was no weight loss for either chloride and nitrate compounds, although chemical analyses demonstrated trace amounts of nitrate. The chloride-based CuIn(OH) 5 precursor is more suitable for fabricating thin film coatings because the oxidizing functional group of nitrates remains in nitrate-based CuIn(OH) 5 precursor.…”

The Catalytic Effect of Mn2O3 Nanoparticles on the Ignition Reaction of Pyrotechnic of Ammonium Nitrate(V)/Thiourea

“…From the DSC thermogram shown in Figure 3, the two first endothermic peaks observed around 56 °C and 126 °C are due to phase transitions in AN and the sharp endothermic peak at approximately 168 °C can be assigned to the melting point of AN [23]. A broad endothermic peak related to decomposition is observed at a peak temperature of 265 °C.…”

“…The TG curve also shows that after AN melts, decomposition occurs with a mass reduction of about 100% according to the following reaction (Eq. 1) [23]: The DSC thermogram of pure TU in Figure 4 shows two overlapping endothermic peaks in which the first sharp endothermic peak (with its maximum at 179 °C) is related to the melting point of TU. The broad endothermic process (peak temperature 225 °C) is due to decomposition of TU [24].…”