Key Points
Eliglustat treatment resulted in stable mean hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, and spleen and liver volumes for up to 4 years. Mean bone mineral density z scores also remained stable and were maintained in the healthy reference range for up to 4 years.
Peripheral markers of iron status and food intake of iron do not seem to be modified in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but further studies assessing brain iron levels are needed to fully understand the role of iron in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder pathophysiology.
The zebrafish has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. It can serve as a powerful preclinical platform for studies of molecular events and therapeutic strategies as well as for evaluating the physiological mechanisms of some pathologies 1 .There are relatively few publications related to adult zebrafish physiology of organs and systems 2 , which may lead researchers to infer that the basic techniques needed to allow the exploration of zebrafish systems are lacking 3 . Hematologic biochemical values of zebrafish were first reported in 2003 by Murtha and colleagues 4 who employed a blood collection technique first described by Jagadeeswaran and colleagues in 1999. Briefly, blood was collected via a micropipette tip through a lateral incision, approximately 0.3 cm in length, in the region of the dorsal aorta 5 . Because of the minute dimensions involved, this is a high-precision technique requiring a highly skilled practitioner. The same technique was used by the same group in another publication in that same year 6 . In 2010, Eames and colleagues assessed whole blood glucose levels in zebrafish 7 . They gained access to the blood by performing decapitations with scissors and then inserting a heparinized microcapillary collection tube into the pectoral articulation. They mention difficulties with hemolysis that were solved with an appropriate storage temperature based on the work Kilpatrick et al. 8 . When attempting to use Jagadeeswaran's technique in our laboratory, we found that it was difficult to make the incision in precisely the right place as not to allow a significant amount of blood to be lost before collection could be started.Recently, Gupta et al. 9 described how to dissect adult zebrafish organs, Kinkle et al. 10 described how to perform intraperitoneal injections, and Pugach et al. 11 described how to perform retro-orbital injections. However, more work is needed to more fully explore basic techniques for research in zebrafish.The small size of zebrafish presents challenges for researchers using it as an experimental model. Furthermore, given this smallness of scale, it is important that simple techniques are developed to enable researchers to explore the advantages of the zebrafish model.
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In this paper, a generalization of a formula proposed by Van Loan [Computing integrals involving the matrix exponential, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 23 (1978) 395-404] for the computation of multiple integrals of exponential matrices is introduced. In this way, the numerical evaluation of such integrals is reduced to the use of a conventional algorithm to compute matrix exponentials. The formula is applied for evaluating some kinds of integrals that frequently emerge in a number classical mathematical subjects in the framework of differential equations, numerical methods and control engineering applications.
The results point to the effectiveness of second-generation direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus Brazilian patients, especially those with genotype 1. Furthermore, that patients with genotype 3 need more attention and adjustments in available treatment options.
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