On the role of zinc on the formation and growth of intermetallic phases during interdiffusion between steel and aluminium alloys

Springer, Hauke; Szczepaniak, Agnieszka; Raabe, Dierk

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2015.06.028

Cited by 100 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition to these phases, silicon particles were observed in the microstructure of the quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloy, Figure 3. T5 heat treatment had no significant influence on the microstructure of these alloys, but resulted in the precipitation of zinc-rich phases in their α-dendrites, Figures 4,5. The microstructure of SAE 65 bronze is composed of copper-rich α dendrites and a eutectoid mixture of α and δ phases, Figure 6.…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays attempts have been made to develop new bearing alloys. This is due to the fact that the conventional bearing materials including bronze, brass and cast iron are expensive and their mechanical and tribological properties are not suitable for some engineering applications [1][2][3][4]. Studies have shown that some zinc-aluminum based alloys containing copper and/or silicon have superior mechanical and tribological properties compared to those of conventional bearing materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of T5 heat treatment on the microstructure and lubricated wear behavior of ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys

Bican¹,

Savaşkan²

2020

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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A ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and a quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys were produced by permanent mold casting and subjected to T5 heat treatment at a temperature of 150 °C for 24 hours. The structural, mechanical and lubricated wear properties of these alloys were investigated in the as‐cast and heat‐treated conditions and the results were compared with those of SAE 65 (CuSn12) plain bearing bronze. Microstructure of the ternary alloy consisted of aluminum‐rich α, eutectoid conversion product of α+η and ϵ phase located in the interdendritic channels. In addition to these phases, silicon particles were observed in the microstructure of the quaternary alloy. T5 heat treatment caused a considerable amount of reduction in the hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of ZnAl40‐based ternary and quaternary alloys, but improved their ductility and stability. These alloys in the as‐cast and heat‐treated conditions exhibited lower wear volume or higher wear resistance than SAE 65 bearing bronze. Among the experimental alloys, the optimum mechanical properties and wear performance were obtained from ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloy in both as‐cast and heat‐treated conditions. Adhesion appeared to be the main wear mechanism for the ZnAl40‐based alloys, but abrasion dominated the wear of SAE 65 bronze.

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Section: Chemical Composition and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of T5 heat treatment on the microstructure and lubricated wear behavior of ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys

Bican¹,

Savaşkan²

2020

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…However, further investigations of the processes involved in material-to-material joining are still pending. Studies by Springer et al showed an increasing amount of intermetallic phases in the joint was caused by zinc [41]. In contrast to this, results in literature regarding resistance spot welding have shown that zinc has prevented the formation of brittle intermetallic phases [17].…”

Section: The Intermediate Layer Of the Compound Inmentioning

confidence: 94%

Characterization of Influences of Steel-Aluminum Dissimilar Joints with Intermediate Zinc Layer

Bick

Heuler

Treutler

et al. 2020

Metals

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Brittle intermetallic phases are formed when steel and aluminum are joined. Therefore, it is difficult to use this combination of materials when applying the multimaterial design in the construction of load-adapted and weight-adapted structures. In order to largely avoid the formation of these brittle phases, joining processes based on diffusion processes, such as composite forging, depict a good solution approach. The materials are joined in a solid state. Furthermore, zinc additives are used to create the joint. Zinc forms a compound with both steel and aluminum without the formation of brittle phases. By combining the composite forging process with zinc additives, strength values of 26 N/mm2 can be reached. This is higher, in comparison to former investigations of resistance spot welded and clinched joints. The joint properties depend on the composition of the zinc interlayer. Small amounts of magnesium in the zinc interlayer affected the strength and ductility values. While the strength decreased by about 30% in contrast to the zinc layer without magnesium, the ductility increased by 60%. This effect was probably due to the metallurgical impact of the alloying elements on phase formation, as could be shown by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses of the joint zones. Thereby, it was shown that the brittle intermetallic phases are located only in small areas.

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“…This coating is mandatory for the CMT process, because it ensures sufficient wettability of the steel sheet for liquid aluminum. [55,74] However, evaporation of zinc may destabilize the welding process. [75] Remarkable effects of scandium (Sc) and zirconium (Zr) on reducing the IM layer thickness were not observed.…”

Section: Influence Of the Filler Alloy Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20,21] Among the Al x Fe y phases listed in the binary Al-Fe phase diagram, [35] two main phases were identified in laboratory experiments to form at the interface between solid iron or steel and liquid aluminum or its alloys: Al 5 Fe 2 as the major g-phase [36][37][38] together with Al 3 Fe (also referred to as Al 13 Fe 4 ) as the minor h-phase. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] Both [17][18][19]21,24,27,29] or at least either one [22,23] of these two phases were also found to form during dissimilar CMT welding of aluminum alloys with steel. These experimental studies also show that the interfaces are typically tongue-like between Al 5 Fe 2 and steel, whereas they are finely serrated between Al 3 Fe and aluminum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Filler Alloy Composition and Process Parameters on the Intermetallic Layer Thickness in Single-Sided Cold Metal Transfer Welding of Aluminum-Steel Blanks

Silvayeh

Vallant

Sommitsch

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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Hybrid components made of aluminum alloys and high-strength steels are typically used in automotive lightweight applications. Dissimilar joining of these materials is quite challenging; however, it is mandatory in order to produce multimaterial car body structures. Since especially welding of tailored blanks is of utmost interest, single-sided Cold Metal Transfer butt welding of thin sheets of aluminum alloy EN AW 6014 T4 and galvanized dual-phase steel HCT 450 X + ZE 75/75 was experimentally investigated in this study. The influence of different filler alloy compositions and welding process parameters on the thickness of the intermetallic layer, which forms between the weld seam and the steel sheet, was studied. The microstructures of the weld seam and of the intermetallic layer were characterized using conventional optical light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal that increasing the heat input and decreasing the cooling intensity tend to increase the layer thickness. The silicon content of the filler alloy has the strongest influence on the thickness of the intermetallic layer, whereas the magnesium and scandium contents of the filler alloy influence the cracking tendency. The layer thickness is not uniform and shows spatial variations along the bonding interface. The thinnest intermetallic layer (mean thickness < 4 lm) is obtained using the silicon-rich filler Al-3Si-1Mn, but the layer is more than twice as thick when different low-silicon fillers are used.

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On the role of zinc on the formation and growth of intermetallic phases during interdiffusion between steel and aluminium alloys

Cited by 100 publications

References 41 publications

Influence of T5 heat treatment on the microstructure and lubricated wear behavior of ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys

Influence of T5 heat treatment on the microstructure and lubricated wear behavior of ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys

Characterization of Influences of Steel-Aluminum Dissimilar Joints with Intermediate Zinc Layer

Influence of Filler Alloy Composition and Process Parameters on the Intermetallic Layer Thickness in Single-Sided Cold Metal Transfer Welding of Aluminum-Steel Blanks

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